Abstract: The infrared focal plane system cant provide well distributed gray of every temperature section and sufficient image details for targets with extreme temperature difference. To address this problem, an adaptive bilocal enhancement algorithm was proposed. This paper gives a detailed introduction about the adaptive bilocal enhancement algorithm from two aspects: spatial distribution and gray statistics characteristics. This algorithm adaptively divides the original image into several sub-images based on the spatial distribution of infrared image, then gets the local histogram statistics based on the local gray statistics characteristics, and do adaptive segment equalization on the histogram of every local space. At last, the enhanced images were mosaicked by linear interpolation algorithm. The practicability of this algorithm has been verified by a series of experiments on the infrared focal plane system. The effect was satisfactory and the imaging quality was improved significantly.