Phase conjugation lasers based on stimulated Brillouin scattering with high-power and high-energy
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摘要:
受激布里渊散射是一种三阶非线性光学过程，具有完全背向散射的相位共轭特性，利用这种特性，可以补偿高能高功率激光系统中强泵浦而引起的相位畸变，从而实现高光束质量激光输出。过去几十年开展了大量理论和实验研究以提升受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜（SBS-PCM）的作用效果，一部分研究集中在研究适合高功率激光系统应用的液体介质和介质纯化，一部分集中在SBS-PCM的结构优化（包括双池结构、结构参数优化、旋转楔板结构等）。回顾了影响SBS-PCM作用效果的主要因素，以及SBS-PCM在高功率激光系统中的应用，总结了近年来的一些应用成果，为SBS-PCM的实验研究提供了参考。
Abstract:Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a third-order nonlinear process, which is phased conjugation reflected in the SBS phase conjugation mirror (SBS-PCM). Therefore, it is a very useful tool for the compensation of wavefront distortion induced by strongly thermally stressed active material, especially in high-power and high-energy lasers. To maximize the effectiveness of SBS-PCM, many research efforts have been poured in both theoretically and experimentally in the past decades. Several researchers have studied the liquid medium that is the best fit for SBS-PCM in high power laser systems; some have investigated the geometry (such as two-cell structure, choice of the optimum parameters, and the addition of a rotating wedge) of the system that will give the most appropriate desired characteristics; while some researched the impurities of the selected liquid. This work presents a review of the factors determining the performance of SBS-PCM, the applications of SBS-PCM in high power lasers, and recent scientific achievements in the SBS-PCM high power laser systems. This work is proposed as a reference and guiding manual for SBS-PCM-related experiments and research.
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Figure 1. Nonlinear SBS energy level diagram; ωQ is the phonon frequency, ωS is the Stokes frequency, and ωL is the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave[73]
Figure 5. (a) Diagram of the unlocked case, (b) a concentric type produces weak density modulation and (c) backward focusing produces weak density modulation[82]
Figure 6. A sample experimental setup for a prepulse system. PBS: polarizing beam splitter; HWP: half-wave plate; L1: planoconcave lens; L2 and L3: planoconvex lens; M: mirrors; W: wedge; SBS-PCM (FC75, 30 cm long) [64]
Figure 7. A typical experimental setup of a four-beam combination system using the RW-SSP. ISO: optical isolator; PZT: 45 degree mirror attached piezoelectric transducer; RW: rotating wedge device; QWP: quarter wave plate; EM: energy meter[40]
Figure 8. Experimental setup for the measurement of the leak beam patterns and the depolarization ratio for the four possible optical schemes in a double-pass Nd:YAG rod amplifier with an SBS-PCM. W: wedged window; AMP: Nd:YAG rod amplifier; FR: Faraday rotator [59]
Figure 10. Closed-type SBS-PCM used to measure reflectivity at varying repetition rates. RT: quartz rotator; SF: spatial filter[26]
Table 1. Some scientific achievements in SBS-PCM reflectivity
max. reflectivity (%) input energy/mJ frequency/Hz output Pulse width/ns medium year reference 98 800 200 38.8 FC-770 2017 [27] 95.2 900 170 20 FC-770 2017 [52] 94 160 200 10 FC-770 2018 [26] 93 600 200 9.3 FC-770 2020 [46] 92 10 500 14 HT-270 2019 [61] 92 120 500 10 FC-770 2018 [26] 88 220 10000 8.5 HT-70 2014 [86] 84.7 600 10 − FC-72 2010 [60] 81.2 50 1000 − HT-270 2019 [25] 78.4 300 10 − FC-72 2010 [51] 75 7.36 50 50 FC-75 2005 [63] 69 48 25000 8 FC-75 2011 [41] 60 130 1000 28 FC-75 2003 [87] 44 45 15000 − FC-75 2016 [38] 
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