基于脉冲激光的空间碎片移除技术：综述与展望

吴冀川; 赵剑衡; 黄元杰; 张黎; 张永强; 谭福利

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202234.210334

基于脉冲激光的空间碎片移除技术：综述与展望

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210334

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所, 四川绵阳 621900
2.
中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所, 四川绵阳 621900

详细信息

作者简介:
吴冀川，wujichuan_wjc@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
张永强，minizhang_0804@163.com

中图分类号: O532.25;O53
计量
- 文章访问数: 1667
- HTML全文浏览量: 648
- PDF下载量: 193
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-30
- 修回日期: 2021-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-15

Removal of space debris by pulsed laser: Overview and future perspective

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-113, Mianyang 621900, China
2.
Institute of Applied Electronics , CAEP , P.O. Box 919-1002, Mianyang 621900, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来，近地轨道的空间碎片问题对航天应用的威胁日益严峻。通过主动移除技术手段减少在轨空间碎片的数量，从而保障空间资源的可持续开发和航天器的安全运行，已成为相关领域研究的热点。溯源了空间碎片问题的产生及沿革，分析基于不同技术途径的主动移除方案的特点。重点研究了脉冲激光主动移除空间碎片的关键技术与科学问题，总结了现阶段的技术发展情况，并对未来天基激光移除空间碎片的发展方向给出了建议。
- 空间碎片 /
- 等离子体 /
- 激光移除 /
- 辐照效应
Abstract: In recent years, the space debris has posed severe threat for aerospace applications. Active removal of space debris has been extensively investigated to preserve the sustainable development of space resources and maintain the safety of spacecrafts. In this paper, the origin and development of space debris problem is studied, and the characteristics of different active removal techniques are discussed. Besides, the technical difficulties and the scientific problem of space debris removal by using pulsed laser system is further studied, and the development of the method is reviewed. At last, this paper suggests potential development of space-based laser for removing space debris in the future.
- space debris /
- plasma plume /
- laser removal technique /
- irradiation effect

HTML全文

图 1 基于LEGEND模型的空间碎片碰撞趋势预估^[5]

Figure 1. Prediction of space debris collisions based on LEGEND model^[5]

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图 2 美国长期暴露设施项目及空间碎片撞击坑

Figure 2. The US LDEF project and the collision morphology due to space debris

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图 3 卫星太阳翼撞击示意图

Figure 3. Schematics for the collision of space debris with satellite

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图 4 星链计划及已在轨卫星数量统计^[9]

Figure 4. Starlink project and the number of on-orbit satellites^[9]

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图 5 Whipple防护屏结构撞击测试

Figure 5. Impact test of Whipple shield structure

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图 6 JAXA电动力绳系及ESA飞网式离轨方案示意图

Figure 6. Schematics of JAXA’s electrodynamic tethers and ESA’s net attached deorbit plan (JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)

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图 7 ESA太阳帆离轨方案示意图

Figure 7. Schematics of ESA’s solar sail deorbit plan

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图 8 LODR计划及其驱离碎片效能预估^[21]

Figure 8. The LODR project and its ability in space debris removal^[21]

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图 9 DLR的地基激光移除方案

Figure 9. DLR’s design and plan of laser removal of space debris

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图 10 JEM-EUSO项目中激光移除方案

Figure 10. Laser removal of space debris in JEM-EUSO program

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图 11 天基激光移除平台的系统典型组成

Figure 11. A classic illustration of space-based laser removal system

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图 12 脉冲激光与碎片材料相互作用

Figure 12. The interaction of laser with space debris material

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图 13 铝合金材料获得最优冲量耦合系数的激光参数^[49]

Figure 13. The laser parameters for obtaining optimum impulse coupling coefficient for aluminum^[49]

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图 14 不同能量密度辐照下的铝合金冲量耦合系数变化

Figure 14. The variation of impulse coupling coefficient for aluminum with different laser energy density

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图 15 不同能量密度辐照下的碳纤维冲量耦合系数变化

Figure 15. The variation of impulse coupling coefficient for carbon fiber material with different laser energy density

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图 16 气压对冲量耦合系数的影响

Figure 16. The influence of pressure to the impulse coupling coefficient

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图 17 等离子体羽流演化全息成像

Figure 17. Holographic of plasma plume during laser irradiation

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图 18 等离子体羽流仿真计算结果

Figure 18. Simulation results of plasma plume development

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图 19 基于模型的激光移除空间碎片数字化评估架构图

Figure 19. Structure of model-based evaluation of laser removal of space debris

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图 20 数字化评估系统的数据流传输逻辑

Figure 20. The logic of data flow in the evaluation system

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图 21 脉冲激光移除空间碎片数字化评估界面

Figure 21. The output user-interface for the evaluation system of laser removal of space debris

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表 1 1992—1997美国航天飞机空间碎片碰撞情况统计

Table 1. Collisions of space debris with US space shuttle during 1992 to 1997

material of space debris	number of collisions	impact depth/mm	position of collision
Ti	1	0.57	observation window
coating material(polymer)	3	0.57～1.1	hatch door, radiator
Al	5	0.24～2.1	observation window, antenna, sealing system, PLB door, bracket trunnion
stainless steel	5	1.0～2.8	radiator
meteoroids	4	0.4～1.4	radiation pipeline, antenna, sealing system

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