A high-power microwave reflectarray antenna based onvariable rotation technique
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摘要: 利用旋转移相技术的几何相位调控方法，提出一种基于传输相位差概念的波束扫描高功率微波反射阵列天线。电磁仿真结果表明，所设计的三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元工作于9.5～10.5 GHz，在0～40°入射角度下具有360°范围内的线性相位调控能力，真空条件下的功率容量达到1.11 GW。采用该单元设计了半径为200 mm的圆形口径反射阵列天线，并使用全波仿真软件进行验证，利用口径相位分布的可重构特性，所设计的反射阵列天线可以实现±40°范围内的波束扫描。在10 GHz时，波束扫描过程中的增益下降小于1.7 dB，最大增益达到31.1 dBi，对应口径效率为73.42%，最低口径效率超过50%，副瓣电平和轴比始终低于−18.7 dB和1.6 dB。Abstract: In this paper, utilizing the geometrical phase shifting method of Variable Rotation Technique (VRT), we propose a beam scanning high-power microwave reflectarray antenna based on the concept of transmission phase difference. Electromagnetic simulation results show that the designed trident-shaped reflectarray antenna element operates at 9.5−10.5 GHz, has a linear phase shift capability within 360° at 0−40° incidence angle, and has a power handling capacity of 1.11 GW under vacuum conditions. A circular-shaped aperture reflectarray antenna with a radius of 200 mm is designed using the proposed element, and verified by full-wave simulation. Through the reconfiguration of the aperture phase distribution, the designed reflectarray antenna can realize the beam scanning in the range of ±40°. At 10 GHz, the maximum gain loss during beam scanning is less than 1.63 dB, the maximum gain reaches 31.1 dBi, the corresponding aperture efficiency is 73.42%, while the minimum aperture efficiency is more than 50%. The sidelobe level and axial ratio are always lower than −18.7 dB and 1.6 dB, respectively.
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图 1 三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元结构示意图
Figure 1. Configuration of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna element
图 2 三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元的传输模型分析
Figure 2. Transmission model analysis of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna element
图 3 三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元仿真结果
Figure 3. Simulation results of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna element
图 4 三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元的共极化分布曲线与场分布曲线
Figure 4. Co-polarization component and maximum E-field distribution of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna element
图 5 馈源天线和反射阵列天线构型
Figure 5. Configuration of the feed antenna and the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna
图 6 不同波束扫描状态下的口径相位分布
Figure 6. Aperture phase distribution of different beam scanning states
图 7 三叉戟形反射阵列天线三维辐射方向图
Figure 7. Three-dimensional radiation patterns of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna
图 8 三叉戟形反射阵列天线归一化辐射方向图
Figure 8. Normalized radiation patterns of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna
图 9 三叉戟形反射阵列天线电场分布（10 GHz）
Figure 9. E-field distribution of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna (10 GHz)
表 1 三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元结构参数
Table 1. Geometry parameters of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna element
(mm) l h h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 t1 b1 11.5 23 16 2 6 18 2 2.5 2.5 1 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 w1 w2 w3 18.5 18.9 9 4 2 5 4.7 3.9 2 
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表 2 三叉戟形反射阵列天线不同波束指向下的辐射特性(10 GHz)
Table 2. Performance of the trident-shaped reflectarray antenna in different beam scanning states (10 GHz)
beam direction/(º) gain/dBi sidelobe level/dB axial ratio/dB aperture efficiency/% (0，90) 30.91 −24.0 0.032 70.28 (10，90) 31.10 −21.2 0.132 73.42 (20，90) 30.86 −18.7 0.317 69.47 (30，90) 30.43 −22.9 0.467 62.92 (40，90) 29.47 −22.6 1.553 50.45 (40，45) 29.63 −25.6 1.426 52.34
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