Trapezoidal double-ridge waveguide slow wave structure for 340 GHz backward wave oscillator
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摘要: 为进一步提高返波管的耦合阻抗和输出功率，提出了一种梯形双脊波导慢波结构。与正弦双脊波导和平顶型正弦双脊波导相比，在归一化相速度基本一致时，梯形双脊波导的电子注通道中心轴线耦合阻抗和截面平均耦合阻抗都得到了显著提升。仿真结果显示，在320～360 GHz频带范围内，其平均耦合阻抗较正弦双脊波导提升78.33%～86.97%，较平顶型正弦双脊波导提升至少46.65%。在相同工作条件及频带范围内，梯形双脊波导返波管在340 GHz频段的输出功率为5.55～8.03 W，比正弦双脊波导返波管提升26.97%～73.44%，比平顶型正弦双脊波导返波管提升33.65%～52.47%。此时三种返波管均为最佳管长，梯形双脊波导返波管可比另两种结构缩短至少16.5%。Abstract:
Background Terahertz waves are widely utilized in radar, communications, and electronic warfare due to their unique properties, making terahertz radiation sources a critical research focus. As one of the primary terahertz sources, the backward wave oscillator (BWO) is a vacuum electronic device based on the interaction between the electron beam and the slow-wave structure (SWS). As the core component, the SWS significantly influences BWO performance. Recent studies have proposed various terahertz SWS designs, however, high losses in the terahertz band and low interaction impedance of existing SWSs remain key limiting factors for terahertz vacuum electronic devices.Purpose This study aims to address these challenges by proposing a trapezoidal double ridge waveguide (TRWG) SWS, with the goal of enhancing interaction impedance to improve BWO output power.Methods The electric field distributions of the TRWG, sinusoidal double-ridge waveguide (SRWG), and flat-roofed SRWG were compared. Both on-axis and average interaction impedance were evaluated at the identical normalized phase velocities. The TRWG geometry was optimized through simulation, and input/output structures were designed. Performance comparisons were conducted using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.Results Simulation results indicate that in the frequency range of 320 to 360 GHz, the average interaction impedance of the TRWG is 78.33%−86.97% higher than that of the SRWG and at least 46.65% higher than that of the flat-roofed SRWG. Under the same operating conditions and within the same frequency range, the output power of the TRWG BWO in the 340 GHz band reaches 5.55−8.03 W, representing an increase of 26.97% to 73.44% compared to the SRWG BWO and an enhancement of 33.65%−52.47% over the flat-roofed SRWG BWO. After optimizing the tube length for all three BWOs, the TRWG BWO is at least 16.5% shorter than the other two structures.Conclusions The TRWG SWS exhibits superior interaction impedance and output power compared to the other designs, offering a promising solution for high-performance terahertz BWOs. -
图 2 梯形双脊波导的尺寸示意图
Figure 2. Diagram of dimensions for trapezoidal double-ridge waveguide (TRWG)
图 4 三种慢波结构的单周期电场分布
Figure 4. Electric field distribution of a single period for three slow wave structures
图 5 梯形双脊波导上底宽度w对高频特性的影响
Figure 5. Impact of trapezoidal upper base width w of TRWG on high-frequency characteristics
图 6 三种结构的色散特性和耦合阻抗对比
Figure 6. Comparison of dispersion and interaction impedance of the three structures
图 10 三种返波管的输出功率随工作频率变化图
Figure 10. Output power versus frequency of three backward wave oscillators
表 1 梯形双脊波导尺寸参数
Table 1. Parameters of TRWG
(mm) a b Rw w h p r hb 0.80 0.36 0.20 0.05 0.09 0.16 0.08 0 
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