UAV intelligent electromagnetic attack and defense technology
-
摘要: 无人机在枯燥任务领域、恶劣环境任务领域和危险任务领域发挥巨大作用,由于其具有低成本、零伤亡、低费效比等特性,在现代战争中屡立战功。未来战争是智能化、信息化战争,人工智能在给无人机带来巨大变革的同时,系统运行的可靠性、安全性也越来越依赖于复杂电磁环境下信息的稳定传输与掌控。无人机在恶劣电磁环境下的生存能力、适应能力,乃至电磁制衡能力一定程度上引领信息化装备电磁攻防的发展趋势。综述无人机的电磁环境效应与电磁防护技术,阐述信息层面与能量层面的无人机电磁反制与电磁防护方法,以期从智能化角度实现无人机电磁攻防。Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) plays a great role in missions that are boring,in harsh environment and/or dangerous. Because of its characteristics of low cost, zero casualties and low cost-effectiveness ratio, it has made great achievements in modern wars. While artificial intelligence brings great changes to UAV, the reliability and security of system operation increasingly depend on the stable transmission and control of information in complex electromagnetic environment. The survivability, adaptability and even electromagnetic check and balance ability of UAV in harsh electromagnetic environment lead the development trend of electromagnetic attack and defense of information equipment to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper summarizes the electromagnetic environmental effect and electromagnetic protection technology of UAV, expounds the methods of UAV electromagnetic countermeasures and electromagnetic protection at the information level and energy level, expecting to realize electromagnetic attack and defense of UAV from the intelligent point of view.
-
Key words:
- UAV /
- electromagnetic countermeasure /
- electromagnetic protection /
- intelligentization
-
表 1 国内外同类射频前端典型防护产品的性能对比
Table 1. Performance comparison of similar RF front-end protection products
product name frequency/GHz insertion
loss/dBpower capacity/dBm leakage
power/dBmCW pulse Mini-Circuits
CLM83-2W0.3~8.2 0.5 32 — 11.5 Aeroflex
LM202802-Q-c-3012~8 1.4 50 60
(pulse width 25 μs, duty cycle 5%)21 Herotek
LS0812PP100A8~12 2 50 60
(pulse width 1ms, duty cycle 1%)13 MACOM
MADL-0110141~2 0.8 53 55
(pulse width 3 ms, duty cycle 10%)19 MACOM
MADL-0110152~4 0.8 51 56
(pulse width 100 μs, duty cycle 10%)16 Qorvo
TGL2927-SM2~4 0.6 — 54
(pulse width 500 μs, duty cycle 15%)18 1603HES1149-1 0.01~5 1 33 — 9 HDL0118 1~18 2 30 50
(pulse width 1 μs, duty cycle 0.1%)15 XK29815005 8~18 2.5 33 53
(pulse width 1 μs, duty cycle 1%)17 short wave and ultrashort
wave protection module
(laboratory products)1×10−3~200 ×10−3 0.156 — square wave tolerance amplitude 4 kV,pulse
width 1 μs,leakage peak voltage 18.08 V,
limiting voltage 8.83 V— L-band protection module
(laboratory products)1~2 0.8 53 55
(pulse width 3ms, duty cycle 10%)20 S-band protection module
(laboratory products)2.5~3.5 0.84 51 60
(pulse width 100μs, duty cycle 10%)14 ultra-wideband protection module
(laboratory products)1.5×10−3~2.5 0.8 — 63
(double exponential waveform, pulse width 200ns,
duty cycle 20%)22 ultra-wideband protection module
(laboratory products)2~8 1.2 60
(double exponential waveform, pulse width 100ns,
duty cycle 10%)30 -
[1] 张冬晓. 无人机装备数据链电磁安全态势评估及防护方法研究[D]. 陆军工程大学石家庄校区, 2019: 12Zhang Dongxiao. Research on electromagnetic safety assessment and protection method of UAV’s datalink[D]. Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Campus, 2019: 12 [2] 赵敏, 许彤, 程二威, 等. 无人机数据链电磁干扰机理和防护研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2021, 33:033005. (Zhao Min, Xu Tong, Cheng Erwei, et al. Mechanism and protection on the data link of UAV exposed to electromagnetic interference[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2021, 33: 033005 [3] 张庆龙. 无人机卫星导航终端电磁干扰效应及建模评估方法研究[D]. 陆军工程大学石家庄校区, 2021: 6Zhang Qinglong. Research on electromagnetic interference effect and modeling evaluation method of UAV satellite navigation terminal[D]. Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Campus, 2021: 6 [4] 赵铜城, 余道杰, 周东方, 等. 无人机GPS接收机超宽谱电磁脉冲效应与试验分析[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2019, 31:023001. (Zhao Tongcheng, Yu Daojie, Zhou Dongfang, et al. Ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse effect and experimental analysis of UAV GPS receiver[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2019, 31: 023001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.180365 [5] 曹尹琦, 齐媛, 程刚, 等. 军用无人机小型光电吊舱的发展和关键技术[J]. 飞航导弹, 2016(3):54-59. (Cao Yinqi, Qi Yuan, Cheng Gang, et al. Development and key technologies of small optoelectronic pod for military UAV[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2016(3): 54-59 [6] 张冬晓, 陈亚洲, 程二威, 等. 无人机信息链路电磁干扰效应规律研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2019, 39(7):756-762. (Zhang Dongxiao, Chen Yazhou, Cheng Erwei, et al. Effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on information link of UAV[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2019, 39(7): 756-762 [7] 李伟, 魏光辉, 潘晓东, 等. 复杂电磁环境下通信装备干扰预测方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2017, 39(11):2782-2789. (Li Wei, Wei Guanghui, Pan Xiaodong, et al. Interference prediction method of communication equipment under complex electromagnetic environment[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2017, 39(11): 2782-2789 [8] 张庆龙, 王玉明, 程二威, 等. 导航接收机跟踪环路在电磁干扰下的效应律研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2021, 41(2):207-213. (Zhang Qinglong, Wang Yuming, Cheng Erwei, et al. Effect law of navigation receiver tracking loop under electromagnetic interference[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2021, 41(2): 207-213 [9] 陈亚洲, 程二威, 周星, 等. 无人机装备电磁环境效应与作用机理[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2017Chen Yazhou, Cheng Erwei, Zhou Xing, et al. Electromagnetic environment effect and action mechanism of UAV equipment[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2017 [10] 乔治军, 潘绪超, 何勇, 等. 高功率电磁脉冲对无人飞行器的毁伤破坏[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2017, 29:113202. (Qiao Zhijun, Pan Xuchao, He Yong, et al. Damage of high power electromagnetic pulse to unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2017, 29: 113202 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201729.170216 [11] 李亚南. 射频前端强电磁脉冲防护技术研究[D]. 陆军工程大学石家庄校区, 2019: 12Li Yanan. Research on the protection key technology of strong electromagnetic pulse for RF front-end[D]. Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Campus, 2019: 12 [12] 韩鹏伟. 射频前端抗强电磁脉冲关键技术研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2018: 6Han Pengwei. Study of the strong electromagnetic pulse protection key technology for RF front-end[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2018: 6 [13] Yushchenko A Y, Ayzenshtat G I, Monastyrev E A, et al. Monolithic microwave ICs of limiter based on pin- and shottky diodes[C]//2011 21st International Crimean Conference “Microwave & Telecommunication Technology”. 2011: 163-164. [14] 刘洋, 程立, 汪家春, 等. 核电磁脉冲模拟器的电场特性及等离子体阵列的防护性能[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2018, 40(4):41-46. (Liu Yang, Cheng Li, Wang Jiachun, et al. Electric field characteristics of nuclear electromagnetic pulse simulator and protection performance of plasma array[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2018, 40(4): 41-46 doi: 10.11887/j.cn.201804007 [15] 谭志良, 李亚南, 宋培姣. 射频前端强电磁脉冲防护研究进展[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2020, 40(3):231-242. (Tan Zhiliang, Li Yanan, Song Peijiao. Relevant research on electromagnetic pulse protection of RF front-end[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2020, 40(3): 231-242 [16] 张冬晓, 陈亚洲, 程二威, 等. 用于无人机信息链路电磁干扰预测的动态电磁敏感度测试研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(2):665-672. (Zhang Dongxiao, Chen Yazhou, Cheng Erwei, et al. Research on dynamic electromagnetic susceptibility for electromagnetic interference prediction of UAV information link[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(2): 665-672 [17] 孙肖宁, 曲兆明, 王庆国, 等. 电场诱导二氧化钒绝缘-金属相变的研究进展[J]. 物理学报, 2019, 68:107201. (Sun Xiaoning, Qu Zhaoming, Wang Qingguo, et al. Research progress of metal-insulator phase transition in VO2 induced by electric field[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68: 107201 doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190136 [18] 王庆国, 卢聘, 曲兆明, 等. Ag纳米线/聚乙烯醇复合材料制备及其电磁脉冲响应特性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(2):442-450. (Wang Qingguo, Lu Pin, Qu Zhaoming, et al. Preparation and electromagnetic pulse response characteristics of Ag nanowires/polyvinyl alcohol composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2020, 37(2): 442-450 [19] 李宝毅, 赵亚娟, 王蓬, 等. 电磁防护超材料在国防领域中的应用与前景展望[J]. 电子元件与材料, 2019, 38(5):1-5. (Li Baoyi, Zhao Yajuan, Wang Peng, et al. The application and prospects of metamaterials for electromagnetic protection in defense fields[J]. Electronic Components and Materials, 2019, 38(5): 1-5 [20] 满梦华, 巨政权, 原青云, 等. 基于电磁仿生概念的静电放电注入损伤防护模型设计[J]. 高电压技术, 2011, 37(2):375-381. (Man Menghua, Ju Zhengquan, Yuan Qingyun, et al. Design of protection model for electrostatic discharge injection injury based on the electromagnetic bionics[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(2): 375-381 [21] 满梦华, 蔡娜, 马贵蕾, 等. 模仿神经元网络抗扰特性的电磁防护仿生研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2017, 14(4):9-15. (Man Menghua, Cai Na, Ma Guilei, et al. Study on electromagnetic protection bionics by mimicking the anti-interference mechanism of neural network[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2017, 14(4): 9-15