Design of high efficiency forced air cooling heat dissipation system for collector of high-power klystron
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摘要: 为解决大功率小型化速调管收集极在强迫风冷条件下的高效散热问题，以某大功率速调管为研究对象，介绍了一种大功率高效风冷收集极系统的设计方法。利用ANSYS有限元软件对收集极的强迫风冷散热特性进行模拟计算，分析比较了非均匀热流密度加载方式下不同散热翼片结构对风冷收集极的风阻和最高温度的影响，确定了散热翼片的尺寸和数量。为进一步提高风冷收集极系统的对流换热效果，对收集极入风口的结构进行改进，收集极内表面最高温度降低了22 ℃。采用风冷收集极风阻的计算模型对风阻进行验证，仿真结果与理论值相差2.2%。最后对采用该风冷收集极系统的大功率速调管进行测试，实验测试的最高温度与仿真结果相差1.8%，验证了该风冷收集极系统设计的合理性和有效性。Abstract: To solve the problem of efficient heat dissipation of high-power miniaturized klystron collector under forced air cooling condition, this paper takes a high-power klystron as the research object, and introduces a design method of high-power and efficient air cooling collector system. ANSYS finite element software is used to simulate and calculate the forced air cooling heat dissipation characteristics of the collector. The effects of different cooling fin structures on the wind resistance and maximum temperature of the collector under non-uniform heat flux loading are analyzed and compared. The size and number of cooling fins are determined. To further improve the convective heat transfer effect of the air cooling collector system, the structure of the inlet of the collector is improved and the maximum temperature of the inner surface of the collector is reduced by 22 ℃. The calculation model of the wind resistance of the air cooling collector is used to verify the wind resistance. The difference between the simulation results and the theoretical value is 2.2%. Finally, the high-power klystron with the air cooling collector system is tested. The maximum temperature difference between the experimental and simulation results is 1.8%, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the design of the air cooling collector system.
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Key words:
- high-power klystron /
- air cooling collector /
- cooling fins /
- temperature /
- wind resistance
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图 3 散热翼片厚度、宽度和个数对收集极散热效果的影响
Figure 3. Effect of thickness, width and number of cooling fins on heat dissipation of collector
图 4 不同散热方式下收集极的温度分布云图
Figure 4. Temperature distribution nephogram of collector under different heat dissipation modes
图 5 不同位置散热翼片的温度变化
Figure 5. Temperature variation of cooling fins at different positions
图 7 风道内半径对收集极散热效果的影响
Figure 7. Effect of inner radius of duct on heat dissipation of collector
图 8 未加通风座风道的风速变化
Figure 8. Variation of wind speed in the duct without ventilation seat
图 10 风机特性曲线与风道特性曲线示意图
Figure 10. Diagram of fan characteristic curve and duct characteristic curve
表 1 空气的物性参数
Table 1. Physical parameters of air
T/℃ $ \rho $/(kg∙m−3) ${C}_{{\rm{p}}}$/(kcal·kg−1·℃−1) $\; \mu $/(kg∙m−1∙s−1) 30 1.165 0.24 18.6×10−6 
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表 2 风冷收集极系统的结构参数
Table 2. Structural parameters of air cooling collector system
$ \mathit{K} $/mm2 d/mm A/mm2 $ {\mathit{A}}_{0} $/mm2 L/mm 6691 8 13324 20612 400
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表 3 实验测试和仿真分析结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of experimental test and simulation analysis results
method maximum temperature/℃ minimum temperature/℃ mean temperature/℃ experimental test 191.6 55.4 110.8 simulation analysis 195.2 53.8 116.2
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