Simulation of long-range transport of non-ideal hydrogen atom beams in vacuum environment
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摘要: 模拟研究了非理想氢原子束在真空环境下的长程传输效应。根据中性化程度的不同，将非理想束分为欠中性束和过中性束。通过建立束流传输的准电磁模型，研究了束流密度、中性化因子、空间磁场和弹性散射等因素对非理想氢原子束的影响。结果表明：对于欠中性束，负氢离子的存在对氢原子的传输几乎没有影响，因此欠中性束的发射装置可以考虑去除偏置磁场，以减小设备体积和质量；对于过中性束，束流损失率与束流密度和中性化因子有关，即束流密度越大，束流损失越大；中性化因子越高，束流损失就越高；而无论是欠中性束还是过中性束，空间磁场和粒子间的弹性散射对其传输都没有影响。Abstract: Neutral beam has potential applications in space debris cleanup and space exploration. As that neutral beam prepared by ion source is not ideal in practice, this paper simulates the long-range transmission effect of non-ideal hydrogen beam in vacuum environment. According to the degree of neutralization, non-ideal beams are divided into under-neutral beams and over-neutral beams. The effects of beam density, neutralization factor, spatial magnetic field and elastic scattering on the nonideal hydrogen beam are studied by establishing a quasi-electromagnetic model of beam transmission. The results show that the presence of negative hydrogen ions has no effect on the transmission of hydrogen atoms in the under-neutral beam, thus the bias magnetic field can be removed to reduce the volume and mass of the device. For the over-neutral beam, the loss ratio is related to the beam density and neutralization factor, that is, the higher the beam density, the greater the beam loss; the higher the neutralization factor, the higher the beam loss. The magnetic field and the elastic scattering between particles have no effect on the propagation of either the under-neutral or over-neutral beams.
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图 3 无磁场时不同能量的欠中性化束传输至某时刻的分布
Figure 3. Distribution of under-neutralized beams of different energies transmitted to a certain moment in the absence of magnetic field
图 4 中性化因子对欠中性束束流传输的影响
Figure 4. Effects of neutralizing factor on beam transport of under-neutral beam
图 5 能量为100 MeV的欠中性化束传输分布
Figure 5. Distribution of 100 MeV transmitted to a certain moment in the presence of magnetic field
图 6 某时刻100 MeV过中性化束的分布
Figure 6. Distribution of the 100 MeV over-neutralized beam at a certain time
图 9 中性化因子对过中性束束流传输的影响
Figure 9. Effects of neutralizing factor on beam transport of over-neutral beam
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