Prevention and control of biological fouling in water by pulsed electric fields
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摘要: 为探究脉冲电场对防治水生生物附着效果的影响因素，确定有效防治附着生物所需的最低电场条件，搭建了脉冲电场试验平台，通过人工脉冲形成线产生近似方波的脉冲，统计不同条件下大型溞死亡率和形态结构发生的变化，通过函数拟合得到了脉冲电场诱导死亡率与电场强度、总等效处理时间、脉冲注入能量密度之间的函数关系，并以某干渠工程为例介绍了脉冲电场防治大型溞的参数选取原则和平台搭建方法。结果表明，脉冲电场对大型溞的处理效果与电场强度、总等效处理时间和脉冲注入能量密度都呈正相关关系。电场强度介于0.5～1.5 kV/cm之间时，电场强度每增加0.5 kV/cm，诱导死亡率增加35%左右。电场强度高于2.0 kV/cm、总等效处理时间大于900 μs或脉冲注入能量密度高于80 J/L时，脉冲电场都可以产生80%以上的诱导死亡率。Abstract: To explore the influencing factors of the pulsed electric field on the prevention and control of aquatic organism fouling, and to determine the minimum electric field conditions required for effective prevention and control of fouling organisms, we built a pulsed electric field test platform. Approximate square wave pulses were generated by the pulse forming network. During the experiment, we recorded the death rate and morphological structure changes of the Daphnia magna. With the help of Matlab nonlinear fitting, we obtained the functional relationship between the pulsed electric field-induced death rate and the electric field strength, the total equivalent processing time, and the pulse injection energy density. The paper takes a main canal project as an example to introduce the principle of parameter selection and platform construction method of pulsed electric field for controlling large water fleas. The results showed that the treatment effect of the pulsed electric field on the Daphnia magna is positively correlated with the electric field strength, the total equivalent treatment time and the pulse injection energy density. When the electric field strength is between 0.5 and 1.5 kV/cm, the induced mortality increases by about 35% for every 0.5 kV/cm increase in the electric field strength. When the electric field strength is higher than 2.0 kV/cm, the total equivalent processing time is higher than 900 μs, or the pulse injection energy density is higher than 80 J/L, the pulsed electric field can produce more than 80% induced mortality.
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Key words:
- pulsed electric field /
- biofouling /
- pulse forming line /
- induced mortality /
- fitting function
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图 1 脉冲电场防治生物附着试验平台
Figure 1. Test platform for pulsed electric field prevention and control of biofouling
图 2 UL=27 kV，τ =38、51、77 μs时处理室两端电压的典型波形
Figure 2. Typical waveforms of the voltage applied on the electrodes of the treatment chamber when UL=27 kV, τ =38, 51, 77 μs
图 3 实现93%以上诱导死亡率所需总等效处理时间随电场强度和脉冲宽度的变化规律
Figure 3. Total equivalent processing time required for over 93% mortality versus E and τ
图 4 n=1，τ=38、51、77 μs时大型溞死亡率随电场强度的变化规律
Figure 4. Variation of mortality rate of Daphnia magna with E when n=1, τ=38, 51, 77 μs
图 5 E=0.5 kV/cm，n=1，τ=38、51、77 μs时大型溞死亡率随总等效处理时间的变化规律
Figure 5. Variation of mortality rate of Daphnia magna with t when E =0.5 kV/cm, n=1, τ=38, 51, 77 μs
图 6 W≤750 J/L时大型溞死亡率随脉冲注入能量密度的变化规律
Figure 6. Variation of mortality rate of Daphnia magna with W when W ranges from 0 to 750 J/L
图 7 不同条件脉冲电场作用后大型溞的典型形态
Figure 7. Typical morphology of Daphnia magna treated by the pulsed electric field with different parameters
图 8 大型溞死亡率随电场强度和总等效处理时间的变化规律及拟合曲面(R2adjusted=0.80)
Figure 8. Variation law and fitting surface (R2adjusted=0.80) of death rate of Daphnia magna with E and t
图 9 大型溞死亡率随脉冲注入能量密度的变化规律及拟合曲线(R2 adjusted =0.84)
Figure 9. Variation law and fitting curve (R 2 adjusted=0.84) of death rate of Daphnia magna with W
图 10 工程要求mc≥80%时脉冲电场参数的确定过程
Figure 10. Determination process of pulsed electric field parameters when induced mortality is required to be over 80%
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