基于激光等离子体的X/γ辐射研究进展

鲁瑜; 张昊; 张亮琪; 魏玉清; 李倩妮; 沙荣; 邵福球; 余同普

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202335.220222

基于激光等离子体的X/γ辐射研究进展

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202335.220222

鲁瑜^1,,
张昊¹,
张亮琪^{1, 2},
魏玉清¹,
李倩妮¹,
沙荣¹,
邵福球¹,
余同普^1, ,

1.
国防科技大学理学院，长沙 410073
2.
南华大学核科学与技术学院，湖南衡阳 421001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(12135009, 11875319); 湖南省科技创新计划(2020RC4020); 湖南省研究生创新项目(CX20200002, CX20200038)

详细信息

作者简介:
鲁　瑜，luyu0821@163.com

通讯作者:
余同普，tongpu@nudt.edu.cn

中图分类号: O536
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-30
- 修回日期: 2022-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-15

Research progress of X/γ photon emission in laser-plasma interaction

Lu Yu^1
,,
Zhang Hao¹,
Zhang Liangqi^{1, 2},
Wei Yuqing¹,
Li Qianni¹,
Sha Rong¹,
Shao Fuqiu¹,
Yu Tongpu^{1
, ,}

1.
College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

摘要

摘要: 随着激光技术的不断发展，激光功率突破10 PW量级，激光与物质相互作用进入近量子电动力学（QED）范畴。从弱相对论激光到相对论激光再到强相对论激光，激光场与物质的耦合可以产生能量从keV到MeV甚至GeV的X/γ射线。这些辐射具有通量大、亮度高、能量高和脉宽短等特点，在核物理、高能量密度物理、天体物理等基础研究以及材料科学、成像、医学等领域具有广泛应用前景。系统梳理了近年来相对论强激光与气体、近临界密度等离子体及固体靶相互作用，通过诸如同步辐射、betatron和类betatron辐射、Thomson散射和非线性Compton散射过程等产生高能X/γ射线的最新研究进展，总结了各种方案产生的X/γ射线的品质因子和潜在应用，并为下一步基于强激光大科学装置的实验研究提供理论参考。
- 强场量子电动力学 /
- 激光与等离子体相互作用 /
- 高能辐射 /
- X射线 /
- γ射线
Abstract: With the continuous development of technology, the laser power has exceeded 10 PW. The interaction between such intense laser pulse and matter enters the near quantum electrodynamics (QED) regime. From the non-relativistic laser pulse, relativistic one, to ultra-relativistic one, the coupling of light field and matter can produce X/γ-rays with the photon energy from keV, MeV to even GeV. These radiation sources have the characteristics of large flux, high brilliance, high energy and short duration, which have a wide range of application prospects in material science, imaging, and medicine fields and fundamental researches in nuclear physics, high-energy-density physics and astrophysics. In this review, we systematically introduce the recent advances in X/γ-ray generation through the interaction of relativistic high intensity laser with gas, near-critical-density plasma and solid targets via synchrotron radiation, betatron radiation, betatron-like radiation, Thomson scattering and nonlinear Compton scattering. The characteristics and potential applications of high energy X/γ-ray from various schemes are also summarized, which provide theoretical reference for the future experimental researches based on laser facilities.
- strong-field quantum electrodynamics /
- laser-plasma interaction /
- high-energy radiation /
- X-ray /
- γ-ray

HTML全文

图 1 (a)t =825 fs时等离子体尾波(绿色等值面)、注入电子束(红点)、驱动电场和注入激光(蓝-红-橙-绿等值面)的空间分布；(b)电离时间 t =132 fs时空泡内注入电子的动量分布^[37]

Figure 1. (a) Spatial distributions of the plasma wake (green iso-surfaces), the injected electron beam (red points), the electric fields of the drive and injection lasers (blue-red-orange-green iso-surfaces) at t = 825 fs. (b) Momentum distribution of the accelerated electrons at the ionization time of t = 132 fs^[37]

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图 2 高能光子辐射的双阶段等离子体方案示意图^[39]

Figure 2. Schematic of the two-stage scheme^[39]

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图 3 超强激光照射由固体靶和相对论透明通道组成的复合靶产生高准直辐射示意图^[46]

Figure 3. Schematic of an intense laser striking a target combined with bulk solid density targets and transparent channel^[46]

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图 4 近临界密度(NCD)等离子体中涡旋激光产生准单能γ射线示意图^[57]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of quasi-monoenergetic γ-rays generation by twisted lasers in near critical density (NCD) plasma^[57]

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图 5 超强线极化激光照射由近临界密度等离子体填充的平顶铝锥的示意图^[58]

Figure 5. Schematic view of an intense linearly polarized laser striking a near-critical-density plasmas filled Al cone^[58]

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图 6 (a)电子和质子在t₁ =17.5T₀，t₂ = 20T₀，t₃ = 22.5T₀，t₄ = 25T₀时刻的三维演化；(b)质子密度在x-y平面的投影和横向电场E_y在x-z平面的投影^[67]

Figure 6. (a) 3D evolutions of electrons and protons at t₁ =17.5T₀，t₂ = 20T₀，t₃ = 22.5T₀，t₄ = 25T₀. (b) Projections of proton density distributions in the x-y plane and transverse electrical fields E_y in the x-z plane^[67]

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图 7 双束激光照射类金刚石薄膜靶产生超高亮度伽马射线示意图^[75]

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of ultra-bright γ-ray emission by counter-propagating lasers irradiating two diamondlike carbon (DLC) foils^[75]

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图 8 激光辐照光扇通道靶产生涡旋γ射线的原理图^[81]

Figure 8. Schematic of γ-ray vortex generation from a laser-illuminated light-fan-in-channel target^[81]

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图 9 双色(ω₀, 2ω₀)圆偏振激光与稠密等离子体靶相互作用产生阿秒脉冲的示意图^[89]

Figure 9. Schematic of the attosecond pulses generation from the interaction between a two-color (ω₀, 2ω₀) circularly-polarized laser and a dense plasma target^[89]

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表 1 基于不同方案的激光等离子体X/γ射线源对比

Table 1. Comparison of different X/γ-ray sources from several typical schemes based-on laser-plasma interaction

schemes			laser intensity/ (W·cm⁻²)	cut-off photon energy/MeV	efficiency/%	divergence angle/(°)	peak brilliance^*	reference
medium	mechanism	laser model	laser intensity/ (W·cm⁻²)	cut-off photon energy/MeV	efficiency/%	divergence angle/(°)	peak brilliance^*	reference
gas plasma	betatron	Gaussian +Gaussian	1×10¹⁸ @2 μm,	0.004	—	～0.32	10¹⁹ @500 eV	[37]
		Gaussian +Gaussian	2×10¹⁹@0.4 μm	0.004	—	～0.32	10¹⁹ @500 eV	[37]
		Gaussian	4.9×10²¹	3000	＞10	～0.3	4×10²⁶ @1 MeV	[39]
NCD plasma	betatron-like	Gaussian	5×10²⁰	70	0.03	～35	—	[41]
		Gaussian	8.6×10²²	3000	13	～11	10²⁶ @1 MeV	[48]
		LG(0,1)	5×10²²	500	1.8	～6(＞100 MeV)	10²⁴ @1 MeV	[49]
	Compton	LG(0,1) +Gaussian	9.7×10²²	1500	17	～15	8.04×10²⁵ @13 MeV	[57]
		LG(0,1) +Gaussian	3×10²²	1500	17	～15	8.04×10²⁵ @13 MeV	[57]
		Gaussian	3×10²³	1500	1.4	～22	2×10²⁴ @58 MeV	[59]
		Gaussian	5.3×10²¹	40	2	～40	1.1×10²³ @1 MeV	[61]
solid plasma	synchrotron	Gaussian	3×10²⁰	0.01	0.012	～5	3.7×10²² @100%	[64]
	synchrotron	Gaussian	2.3×10²⁰	0.04	0.001～0.01	～2	10²³	[65]
	betatron-like	Gaussian	4.3×10²¹	500	10	～1	1.2×10²⁷ @5 MeV	[69]
	Compton	Gaussian +Gaussian	1.1×10²³	3000	2	～5.7	1.2×10²⁵ @15 MeV	[75]
		Gaussian +Gaussian	1.1×10²³	3000	2	～5.7	1.2×10²⁵ @15 MeV	[75]
		LG(0,1)	4.3×10²¹	34	0.51	～11	～10²³ @1 MeV	[79]
		Gaussian^**	1.4×10²²	78	1.2	～9	～10²² @1 MeV	[81]
^* (photons·s⁻¹·mm⁻²·mrad⁻²·(0.1%bw)⁻¹)；^** (vortex γ-rays)

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