Jamming technology of distributed ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse to ground receivers based on low-orbit satellites
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摘要: 随着抗干扰技术的不断发展和进步，以阻塞式和欺骗式干扰为代表的传统干扰技术面临挑战。为此，提出了一种基于低轨卫星的分布式超宽带电磁脉冲干扰技术，相比于传统干扰机，超宽带电磁脉冲干扰是一种新型电磁攻击体制。首先，理论推导了重频超宽带电磁脉冲的功率谱；其次，对分布式干扰技术可行性进行分析，并计算了基于低轨卫星平台的分布式干扰所需的发射功率；最后，开展了针对导航接收机低噪放的超宽带电磁脉冲效应实验，并利用STK(Satellite Tool Kit)设计了中低纬度下用于搭载超宽带电磁脉冲干扰机的低轨卫星星座布局。实验结果表明，UWB电磁脉冲可以使低噪声放大器出现暂时增益压缩现象，脉宽为0.7 ns的单脉冲可以使导航信号经过低噪声放大器后被压制近400 ns，重频形式下可以实现信号的完全压制。因此，基于低轨卫星的分布式超宽带电磁脉冲干扰体系可以有效增强干扰效果，有望实现目标区域的全覆盖。Abstract: With the prosperity and progress of anti-jamming technology, traditional jamming technologies represented by barrage and deception jamming are facing challenges. Therefore, a distributed ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulse jamming technology based on low-orbit satellites is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional jammers, UWB electromagnetic pulse jamming is a new type of electromagnetic attack system. Initially, the power spectrum of repetitive UWB electromagnetic pulse is derived. Furthermore, the feasibility of distributed jamming technology is evaluated, and the transmit power required for distributed jamming based on low-orbit satellites is calculated. Finally, the effect of a low noise amplifier (LNA) in the navigation receiver is investigated in the UWB electromagnetic pulse jamming experiment, and the constellation layout of the low-orbit satellite for carrying jammers at mid-low latitudes is designed by Satellite Tool Kit (STK). The experimental results show that temporary gain compression occurs in the LNA under the jamming of the UWB electromagnetic pulse. UWB single pulse with a width of 0.7 ns can suppress the navigation signal by nearly 400 ns after through the LNA, and the signal can be completely suppressed under repetitive frequency. Consequently, the distributed UWB electromagnetic pulse jamming system based on low-orbit satellites can effectively enhance the jamming effect, which has the potential to achieve full coverage of the target area.
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图 1 T=1 ns, fprf=1 MHz时的UWB电磁脉冲序列时频特性
Figure 1. Time-frequency characteristics of UWB pulse sequence at T=1 ns and fprf=1 MHz
图 2 导航接收机射频前端框图
Figure 2. Block diagram of the RF front-end of the navigation receiver
图 4 分布式UWB电磁脉冲干扰体系示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of distributed UWB pulse jamming system
表 1 当h=500 km, α=28°时，各干信比下的所需最小合成功率
Table 1. Minimum synthetic power required under different JSR at h=500 km and α=28°
(J/S)/dB minimum synthetic power/dBW 30 6.97 90 66.97 125 101.97 
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表 2 中低纬度卫星覆盖重数
Table 2. Multi-coverage of mid-low latitudes satellite
latitude/(°) minimum visible satellites maximum visible satellites average visible satellites 0 31.0 39 36.2 10 34 41.1 37.2 20 31.0 39.1 36.2 30 45.0 53.0 49.2 40 68.0 75.0 71.5 50 64.0 71.0 67.6 60 43.0 50.0 46.2
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