Experimental research on influencing factors of surface flashover of coaxial insulators in high-pressure SF6 under nanosecond pulse
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摘要: 研究纳秒脉冲下的绝缘子沿面闪络影响因素对电磁脉冲模拟装置绝缘结构设计具有重要的借鉴意义。通过搭建绝缘子沿面闪络实验平台，实验研究了在0.5 MPa的SF6气体中，脉冲电压波形、绝缘材料和绝缘子沿面场强分布对绝缘子沿面闪络电压的影响。结果表明：绝缘子的闪络电压具有随着脉冲前沿时间减小而增加的趋势；相较于脉冲电压全波，绝缘子在脉冲电压前沿波形耐受下闪络电压较高；聚酰亚胺材料的绝缘性能最好；通过降低绝缘子沿面最大场强，改善电场分布可以有效地提高绝缘子的闪络电压。Abstract: Studying the influencing factors of insulator flashover under nanosecond pulse has important reference significance for the design of insulation structure of electromagnetic pulse simulation device. By building an experimental platform for insulator flashover, the effects of pulse voltage waveform, insulating material and surface field strength distribution on the insulator surface flashover voltage were experimentally studied in 0.5 MPa SF6 gas. The results show that the flashover voltage of the insulator tends to increase with the decreasing of the pulse front time; Compared with the full pulse voltage wave, the flashover voltage of insulator is higher under the front waveform of pulse voltage; The insulation performance of the polyimide material is optimal; By reducing the maximum field strength along the insulator surface and improving the electric field distribution, the flashover voltage of the insulator can be effectively increased.
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图 2 盆形绝缘子试样及电极结构剖面示意图
Figure 2. Schematic cross-section of the basin-shaped insulator sample and electrode structure
图 4 绝缘子试品上三种前沿的全波脉冲电压波形图
Figure 4. Full-wave pulse voltage waveforms of the three leading edges on the insulator sample
图 5 绝缘子开关配合结构示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the structure of the insulator switch used together
图 6 绝缘子试品上三种前沿的电压波形图
Figure 6. Voltage waveforms of the three frontiers on the insulator sample
图 8 三种全波脉冲电压下盆形和盘形绝缘子试样的闪络电压
Figure 8. Flashover voltages of basin-shaped and disc-shaped insulator samples under three full-wave pulse voltages
图 9 盆形和盘形绝缘子试样的电场分布云图
Figure 9. Cloud diagram of electric field distribution of basin-shaped and disc-shaped insulator samples
图 10 绝缘子试样的沿面切向和法向电场分布图
Figure 10. Electric field distribution along the plane of the insulator sample in the tangential and normal directions
图 11 盆形绝缘子电场改善前后闪络电压对比图
Figure 11. Comparison of flashover voltage before and after electric field improvement of basin-shaped insulators
图 12 盆形绝缘子闪络电压与波形前沿时间关系图
Figure 12. Relationship between flashover voltage and waveform front time of basin-shaped insulators
图 13 脉冲全波和脉冲前沿电压下盆形绝缘子耐受的闪络电压对比图
Figure 13. Comparison of flashover voltages of basin-shaped insulators under pulsed full-wave and pulsed frontier voltages
表 1 不同材料的绝缘子闪络电压对比
Table 1. Comparison of flashover voltages of insulators with different materials
insulator
materialflashover voltage/kV proportion/% flashover voltage/kV proportion/% flashover voltage/kV proportion/% tr=40 ns tr=65 ns tr=105 ns nylon 506.7 100.0 470.0 100.0 423.0 100.0 PMMA 497.9 98.3 535.1 113.8 477.9 113.0 PI 578.3 114.1 560.7 119.3 518.0 122.5 
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