Experimental study on the influences of high-speed airflow on the laser ablation behaviors of C/SiC composites
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摘要: 为了明确高速气流对C/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀行为的影响机制，开展了不同环境下强激光对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀对比实验研究。利用激光器与高速风洞联合实验平台，完成了静态以及Ma 1.8，Ma 3.0，Ma 6.0气流环境下2D与3DN C/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀实验。结果表明，与静态环境相比，高速气流对C/SiC复合材料的激光烧蚀行为产生了显著的影响，气流的冲刷使得烧蚀坑呈现出更宽、更深、更光滑的变化趋势。随着气流速度的增长，线烧蚀速率与质量烧蚀速率逐渐增大，主要原因为当地静压降低引起的升华速率增大，以及动压增大引起的剥蚀速率增大。此外，通过实验对比了不同构型对C/SiC激光烧蚀行为的影响。结果表明：2D C/SiC复合材料由于厚度方向更低的导热能力、更低的孔隙率等原因，其在不同环境条件下抗烧蚀能力均强于3DN C/SiC复合材料。Abstract: To investigate the effects of the high-speed airflow on the laser ablation characteristics of C/SiC composites, comparative study of laser ablation experiments under different environment conditions, including static air, Mach 1.8, Mach 3.0, Mach 6.0, were conducted by utilizing the joint experiment system integrating the laser and wind tunnel device. Experimental results show that, compared with the static air condition, the high-speed airflow had a remarkable impact on the laser ablation characteristics of C/SiC composites. The “washing effects” induced by the high-speed airflow made the ablation pit wider, deeper, smoother. Meanwhile, the linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate enlarged with the increasing airflow velocity, which was mainly due to the increased sublimation rate and erosion rate caused by the decreased local static pressure and increased dynamic pressure, respectively. Besides, the contrast experimental study of 2D and 3DN C/SiC composites were conducted to investigate the influences of braided structure of C/SiC composites. Results show thatdue to the factors suchas lower heat conduction capacity along the thickness direction, the lower porosity, the ablation resistance performance of 2D C/SiC composites was superior to that of 3D C/SiC.
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Key words:
- C/SiC composite /
- laser irradiation /
- high-speed airflow /
- ablation behaviors
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图 2 风洞环境中激光烧蚀实验系统示意图
Figure 2. Schematic of the laser ablation tests system in the wind tunnel
图 3 C/SiC复合材料试样背表面温度历程对比
Figure 3. Comparison of the back-surface temperature history of C/SiC composite
图 5 2D C/SiC最终正表面烧蚀形貌
Figure 5. Final ablation morphologies of the front surface of 2D C/SiC
图 7 不同气流环境下2D C/SiC复合材料线烧蚀速率与质量烧蚀速率对比
Figure 7. Comparison for line ablation rate and mass ablation rate of 2D C/SiC composite in different airflow environment
图 8 静态环境下的试样正表面实时烧蚀形貌
Figure 8. Real-time ablation morphologies of the front surface of the C/SiC sample in the static environment
图 9 Ma 1.8气流条件下试样正表面实时烧蚀形貌
Figure 9. Real-time ablation morphologies of the front surface of the C/SiC samples in the Ma 1.8 airflow environment
图 10 不同气流环境下不同构型C/SiC复合材料烧蚀速率对比
Figure 10. Comparison of the ablation rate of C/SiC composites with different structures in different airflow environments
表 1 实验工况列表
Table 1. Parameters of the test conditions
environmental conditions total temperature/K total pressure/kPa velocity/(m·s−1) irradiation time/s static 300 101 0 4～10 Ma 1.8 363 323 535 4～10 Ma 3.0 815 1850 891 4～10 Ma 6.0 1784 4257 1787 4～10 
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