Design and experimental study of two types of low jitter self-triggered switches under nanosecond pulse voltage
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摘要: 降低纳秒脉冲电压下气体开关的抖动对电磁脉冲模拟装置输出稳定性具有重要意义。特别在受条件约束、外触发不便的条件下，自触发开关抖动的降低值得关注。设计了两种自触发开关，包含阴极刻槽开关和预电离开关，并搭建了纳秒脉冲实验平台，分别在40 ns、70 ns 与120 ns三种脉冲前沿下测量了两种开关的击穿电压、时延等参数，通过数据统计与处理，获得了两种开关的击穿电压及时间抖动。实验结果表明：通过阴极刻槽控制发射或者阴极预电离注入的方式均可有效降低开关的击穿抖动；在三种前沿的脉冲电压下两种开关的击穿抖动均在1～1.8 ns之间；在40 ns和70 ns前沿脉冲作用下，阴极刻槽的开关击穿抖动更低，可小于1.2 ns，击穿电压分散性小于1.29%；在120 ns前沿脉冲作用下，阴极预电离开关击穿抖动更低，可小于1.6 ns。Abstract: It is important to reduce the jitter of gas switch under nanosecond pulse voltage for the output stability of electromagnetic pulse simulator. Especially under the condition that external triggering is inconvenient, the reduction of the jitter of self-triggered switch is worth paying attention to. In this paper, two types of self-triggered switches are designed, including the cathode grooved switch and the preionization switch. A nanosecond pulse experimental platform was built and the breakdown voltage, time delay and other parameters of the two types of switches are measured at three different pulse rise time of 40 ns, 70 ns and 120 ns respectively. With the use of data statistics and processing, the breakdown voltage and time jitter of the two switches are obtained. The experimental results show that the breakdown jitter of the switch can be effectively reduced by cathode grooved control emission or cathode preionization injection; The jitters of the two switches are between 1～1.8 ns under three rise time pulse voltages; Under the rise time of 40 ns and 70 ns pulses, the jitter of cathode grooved switch is shorter, which can be less than 1.2 ns, and the breakdown voltage dispersion is less than 1.29%; Under rise time of 120 ns pulse, the jitter of preionization switch is shorter than 1.6 ns.
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Key words:
- nanosecond pulse /
- self-triggered switch /
- low jitter /
- preionization /
- grooved electrode
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图 1 刻槽自触发开关与预电离自触发开关结构图
Figure 1. Structure diagram of grooved self-triggered switch and preionization self-triggered switch
图 3 预电离自触发开关等效电路及仿真波形
Figure 3. Equivalent circuit and simulation waveforms of the preionization self-triggered switch
图 4 实验平台示意图( 1:6级Marx发生器, 2:调波电感, 3:自击穿气体开关, 4:电阻分压器, 5:间隔盆形绝缘子, 6:实验腔体)
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of experimental platform (1: 6-stage Marx generator, 2: wave regulating inductance, 3: self breaking gas switch, 4: resistance voltage divider, 5: spacing basin insulator, 6: experimental chamber)
图 5 Marx等效电路及开关电压仿真波形
Figure 5. Marx equivalent circuit and switching voltage simulation waveforms
图 7 40 ns，70 ns与120 ns前沿下刻槽开关的击穿时延与电压
Figure 7. Breakdown delay and voltage of the cathode grooved switch at 40 ns, 70 ns and 120 ns rise time
图 8 40 ns，70 ns与120ns前沿下预电离开关的击穿时延与电压
Figure 8. Breakdown delay and voltage of the preionization switch at 40 ns, 70 ns and 120 ns rise time
图 9 70 ns与120 ns前沿的三种开关抖动对比
Figure 9. Comparison of three kinds of switch jitter at the rise time of 70ns and 120ns
表 1 刻槽开关击穿特性数据(抖动与电压分散性)
Table 1. Cathode grooved switch breakdown characteristic data (voltage dispersion and jitter)
p/MPa voltage
dispersion/%breakdown time
delay jitter/nsp/MPa voltage
dispersion/%breakdown time
delay jitter/nsp/MPa voltage
dispersion/%breakdown time
delay jitter/nstr=～40 ns tr=～70 ns tr=～120 ns 0.70 0.85 1.08 0.65 1.06 1.18 0.64 1.22 1.84 0.84 0.93 1.11 0.80 0.82 0.90 0.80 0.89 1.76 1.00 0.83 1.03 0.95 0.99 1.07 0.98 1.02 1.75 1.16 1.29 0.86 1.06 0.75 0.91 1.22 1.18 1.77 1.27 1.01 0.87 1.24 0.88 1.05 1.38 1.03 1.47 
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表 2 预电离开关击穿特性数据(抖动与电压分散性)
Table 2. Preionization switch breakdown characteristic data (voltage dispersion and jitter)
p/MPa voltage
dispersion/%breakdown time
delay jitter/nsp/MPa voltage
dispersion/%breakdown time
delay jitter/nsp/MPa voltage
dispersion/%breakdown time
delay jitter/nstr=～40 ns tr=～70 ns tr=～120 ns 0.74 0.79 1.34 0.71 1.27 1.48 0.69 1.37 1.60 0.88 1.08 1.32 0.81 1.26 1.56 0.80 1.00 1.39 1.04 1.02 1.21 0.93 0.84 1.04 0.91 0.97 1.52 1.13 0.74 0.84 1.04 1.04 1.12 1.04 1.35 1.57 1.25 0.77 0.89 1.18 1.25 1.40 1.17 1.26 1.59
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