Progress of research on irradiation effects in key materials in ICF facilities
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摘要:
从惯性约束聚变（ICF）装置中靶场关键材料易受辐照损伤、从而限制材料使用寿命和装置稳定运行的现实问题出发，总结归纳了有关不锈钢、铝合金、终端光学组件三大类靶场关键材料的辐照效应研究进展，详细介绍了靶室内高能中子束、γ射线、X射线等高能粒子和射线引起靶室第一壁材料出现烧蚀、中子活化等辐照损伤问题，以及靶室环境对关键材料的影响和防护处理。此外，还阐述了打靶试验中所产生的复杂辐射环境、基频与三倍频激光对靠近靶室的终端光学组件所产生的各类辐照损伤现象和相关作用机理。
Abstract:The key materials near the target chamber suffer from radiation damage in the laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility, which limits the lifetime of materials and stable operation of ICF facility. This review summarizes the progress of research on irradiation effects of three major types of key materials in or nearest to the target chamber: stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and final optics assembly. The ablation and neutron activation of first-wall materials in the target chamber caused by neutron beam, γ-ray, X-ray and other high-energy particles are introduced and the impact of the target chamber environment on the materials and corresponding protective strategy are analyzed in detail. In addition, various radiation damage phenomena and related damage mechanisms of the final optics assembly near the target chamber under 1ω laser, 3ω laser, and the complex high-energy radiation environment are also elaborated. Hopefully, this review can provide a reference for the construction and development of laser-driven ICF in China.
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图 21 中子和γ射线对石英样品的吸收光谱的影响
Figure 21. Neutrons and γ radiation-induced absorption spectrum of quartz samples
图 23 光学薄膜和衬底产生激光辐照损伤的原理图及相关影响因素
Figure 23. Schematic diagram and related influence factors of laser induced damage in optical thin films and substrates
图 27 γ射线辐照对薄膜表面疏水性影响的动态过程
Figure 27. Dynamic process of the gamma irradiation effect on the porous silica surface hydrophobicity
图 30 中子辐照前后不同孔隙率的化学膜透射率变化
Figure 30. Transmissivity of porous silica with different porosities before and after neutron irradiation
图 31 不同剂量中子和γ辐照后，化学膜的热导率变化
Figure 31. Thermal conductivities of porous silica with different neutrons and gamma irradiation doses
图 32 不同剂量中子和伽马辐照后，化学膜的透射率变化
Figure 32. Transmissivity of porous silica with different neutron and gamma irradiation doses
表 1 不锈钢百叶窗光束吸收器的捕获效率[20]
Table 1. Capture efficiency of stainless steel louver
fluence/
(J/cm2)total expected iron mass
generation/(μg/cm2)iron mass captured
on FEP/(μg/cm2 )calculated capture
efficiency/%range average range average 5，7，11 40.5 3.6~18.3 9.2 54~91 77 14 19.5 3.7~11.8 7.6 39~81 61 12 19.0 2.2~7.8 5.5 59~88 71 
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