Experiment and optimal design of flashover characteristics of support insulators for 1 MV gas insulated Tesla transformer
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摘要: 输出高电压等级的同时，为实现Tesla变压器的小型化、轻量化设计，研究了0.5 MPa SF6气体环境中支撑绝缘子沿面闪络特性与表面电场的关系，利用有限元法建立了Tesla变压器的电场仿真模型，结合实验研究分析了支撑绝缘子沿面闪络过程，阐明了Tesla变压器关键绝缘部件的场等效实验方法和结论，根据上述分析优化支撑绝缘子结构。优化后的支撑绝缘子凹侧沿面电场最大值下降约81.5%，切向电场强度平均值降低约10.3%，法向电场强度平均值降低约30%，沿面距离增长11.8%，电场不均系数从5.03下降为1.20，电场分布改善明显，预计可以耐受1 MV负极性微秒脉冲电压。Abstract: To realize the miniaturization and lightweight design of Tesla transformer with high output voltage, the relationship between the surface flashover characteristics of support insulators and the surface electric field in a 0.5 MPa SF6 gas environment is studied. The electric field simulation model of Tesla transformer is established using the finite element method. Combined with experimental research, the surface flashover process of support insulators is analyzed, and the field equivalent experimental methods and conclusions of key insulation components of Tesla transformer are clarified. Based on the above analysis, the structure of support insulators is optimized. After optimization, the maximum electric field along the concave side of the support insulator decreases by about 81.5%, the average value of tangential electric field intensity decreases by about 10.3%, while the average value of normal electric field intensity decreases by about 30%, the distance along the surface increases by 11.8%, and the electric field unevenness coefficient decreases from 5.03 to 1.2. The electric field distribution is significantly improved, and the optimized insulator can withstand 1 MV negative polarity microsecond pulse voltage.
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Key words:
- Tesla transformer /
- support insulator /
- microsecond pulse /
- surface flashover /
- surface electric field
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图 5 多次耐压实验的闪络结果
Figure 5. Results of flashover under different withstand voltage experiment
图 6 Tesla变压器和支撑绝缘子(有机玻璃)的电场分布云图
Figure 6. Electric field distribution of Tesla transformer and support insulator (PMMA)
图 7 绝缘子两侧沿面电场强度图
Figure 7. Electric field strength diagram along the surface of insulator on both sides
图 8 1 MV Tesla变压器和支撑绝缘子的电场分布云图
Figure 8. Electric field distribution of 1 MV Tesla transformer and support insulator
图 9 不同状态下支撑绝缘子凹侧沿面电场强度
Figure 9. Electric field strength along the concave side of supporting insulators under different states
表 1 不同状态下支撑绝缘子凹侧电场强度
Table 1. Electric field strength along the concave side of supporting insulators under different states
（kV·cm−1） insulator status E ET EN E ET EN EA ETA ENA outer triple junction points inner triple junction points insulator surface −830 kV、before improvement 272 −97 −268 53 −49 17 54 42.1 26.4 −1 MV、before improvement 326 −117 −323 64 −60 22 64 50.2 31.5 −1 MV、after improvement 60 −59 20 1 0 −5 54 45.0 22.0 
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