Investigation on the application of microtube and shell heat exchanger in energy conversion cycle
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摘要: 目前，超临界二氧化碳（S-CO2）布雷顿循环普遍采用印刷电路板换热器（PCHE）来保证其相对其他能量转换循环的紧凑性优势。PCHE芯体为整体结构，若内部出现泄漏或结垢等问题，很难进行维护与检修。本文提出了一种微管壳式换热器（MSTE），其结构与传统管壳式换热器类似，但其管径缩小至微通道级。由于MSTE的流道横截面积占总截面积之比较PCHE大，在典型的回热器与冷却器设计工况下，相对PCHE而言，采用MSTE可将体积与质量均减小30%以上。灵敏性分析结果显示，采用本文设计的MSTE结构的回热器与冷却器，回热器冷热流道入口温度升高20 ℃左右，压缩机入口温度变化均不超过1 ℃，说明该种结构换热器的换热能力足够支撑能量转换循环的一般工况波动。Abstract: Print circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is widely used in the present supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle to support its superiority in compactness when compared with other energy conversion cycles. The maintenance and overhaul of PCHE are hard to be carried out when leakage and fouling appear because of the integral structure of the core. A microtube and shell heat exchanger (MSTE) is proposed in this research. The structure of the MSTE is similar to that of the conventional shell-and-tube heat exchanger except that the tube diameter is reduced to microchannel level. The cross-section area of the flow channel in MSTE takes more counts than that in PCHE, thus the volume and weight of MSTE can be reduced by more than 30% when compared with PCHE under typical design conditions of recuperator and precooler. Sensitivity analysis results show that if the designed recuperator and precooler with MSTE structure are adopted, the inlet temperature of compressor changes less than 1 ℃ when the hot or cold inlet temperature of recuperator increased by about 20 ℃. It can be concluded from the analysis results that the heat transfer capacity of MSTE is sufficient to adjust the general working condition fluctuations of the energy conversion cycle.
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图 6 不同热通道入口温度下的热工水力特性
Figure 6. Thermo-hydraulic characteristics under different hot inlet temperatures
图 7 不同热通道入口温度下的回热性能
Figure 7. Heat recovery performance under different hot inlet temperatures
图 8 不同冷通道入口温度下的热工水力特性
Figure 8. Thermo-hydraulic characteristics under different cold inlet temperatures
图 9 不同冷通道入口温度下的回热性能
Figure 9. Heat recovery performance under different hot inlet temperatures
图 10 不同CO2入口温度下的热工水力特性
Figure 10. Thermo-hydraulic characteristics under different CO2 inlet temperatures
图 11 不同冷却水入口温度下的热工水力特性
Figure 11. Thermo-hydraulic characteristics under different cooling water inlet temperatures
表 1 换热器设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of the heat exchangers
component hot outlet pressure/MPa hot inlet temperature/℃ hot outlet temperature/℃ cold outlet pressure/MPa cold inlet temperature/℃ recuperator 8.09 450 118 19.91 102 precooler 8 118 38 0.1 25 
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表 2 相同设计工况下的MSTE与PCHE对比
Table 2. Comparison between MSTE and PCHE under the same design condition
component volume/m3 relative variation of volume/% weight/kg relative variation of weight /% recuperator precooler recuperator precooler recuperator precooler recuperator precooler PCHE (reference) 0.333 0.167 − − 2150 1080 − − MSTE 0.228 0.111 −31 −34 1380 630 −36 −42
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