Structure design and optimization analysis of proton beam window in target station for CSNS-II
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摘要: 中国散裂中子源（CSNS）靶站质子束窗位于环到靶站输运线（RTBT）与靶站交接面，起到隔离加速器高真空和靶站氦气环境的作用。随着束流功率提高，目前质子束窗单层膜结构形式已无法满足CSNS-II 500 kW的高功率需求，因此开展CSNS-II质子束窗研制，设计出双层膜中间通水的冷却结构，完成质子束窗双层膜的薄膜半径、薄膜厚度、水冷槽长度与宽度、对流换热系数等各参数对质子束窗温升与热应力的影响分析。通过冷却水需求分析得出，冷却水流速需大于15 L/min。通过质子束窗主体的流固耦合分析，消除箱体内部死水区域。最终优化后质子束窗薄膜位置最高温度47.8 ℃，薄膜位置最高热应力30.758 MPa。通过FLUKA软件对质子束窗材料的辐照损伤性能进行分析，在每年5000 h工作时长、500 kW高功率束流的辐照下，辐照损伤DPA计算值为1.285 DPA，质子束窗的安全使用寿命在7年以上。Abstract: The proton beam window of the CSNS target station is located at the interface between the Ring to Target Beam Transport (RTBT) line and the target station, which can isolate the high vacuum of the accelerator and the helium environment of the target station. With the increase of the beam power of CSNS-II, the single-layer film structure of the proton beam window can no longer meet the high power of 500 kW, so the upgrading and development of the CSNS-II proton beam window are carried out. The structure design of the CSNS-II proton beam window is emphasized, and the cooling structure with water in the middle of the double-layer membrane is designed. The influence of the parameters of proton beam window, such as film radius, film thickness, length and width of water cooling tank, and convection heat transfer coefficient, on the temperature rise and thermal stress of the proton beam window was analyzed. Analysis on cooling water demand shows that the cooling water flow rate should be greater than 15 L/min. Through the fluid structure coupling analysis of the main body of the proton beam window, the dead water area inside the box is eliminated. The maximum temperature of the optimized proton beam window film is 47.8 ℃. The maximum thermal stress at the film position is 30.758 MPa. The radiation damage performance of proton beam window material is analyzed by FLUKA software. Under the irradiation of 5000 h of operation per year and 500 kW high power beam current, the calculated value of DPA of radiation damage per year is 1.285 DPA, and the life of proton beam window is more than 7 years.
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图 8 对流换热系数的单因素分析
Figure 8. Single factor analysis of convectional heat transfer coefficient
图 9 入口流速与对流换热系数关系
Figure 9. Convectional heat transfer coefficient vs flow rate at the entrance
表 1 不同功率束窗的功率损失及热应力
Table 1. Power loss and thermal stress of PBWs under different beam power
beam power/kW lost power/W maximum temperature/℃ maximum stress/MPa 100 67.5 61.7 58.9 170 114.0 83.8 80.1 200 135.0 93.4 93.4 240 162.0 106.1 110.4 300 202.0 125.0 136.0 500 337.5 195.1 230.6 
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