LLC high voltage capacitor charging power supply design with variable bus voltage
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摘要: 提出了一种两级式可变母线电压的高压电容充电电源技术方案，该拓扑在半桥LLC谐振电路的基础上增加了一级图腾柱无桥功率因数校正（PFC）电路，通过改变母线电压来解决传统LLC谐振电源在输出更高电压时，工作频率变化范围过大带来的充电效率下滑的问题。由于图腾柱电路本身具备功率因数校正的功能，该电源设计还拥有能够直接从电网取电而不影响电网电能质量的优势。首先介绍了本电源设计中两部分的电路拓扑和工作原理，采用等效电阻法分析了电容负载下的电源输出特性。针对前级图腾柱电路设计了双环控制器以实现对母线电压和功率因数的控制，针对后级LLC电路提出了比例积分（PI）加低通滤波的恒流控制器以降低高频噪声带来的不利影响。最后通过模型构建与仿真分析，研究了高压电容充电电源3000 V/1 A时的充电特性，验证了本电源技术方案、设计和控制策略的可行性。Abstract: This paper proposes, a two-stage variable bus voltage high-voltage capacitor charging power supply technical scheme which adds a one-stage totem-pole bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) circuit on the basis of the half-bridge LLC resonant circuit, and solves the problem of the decline in charging efficiency caused by the excessive operating frequency variation range of the traditional LLC resonant power supply when the output voltage is higher. Since the totem-pole circuit itself has the function of power factor correction, the power supply design also has the advantage of being able to draw power directly from the grid without affecting the power quality of the grid. This paper first introduces the circuit topology and working principle of the two parts of this power supply design, and analyzes the output characteristics of the power supply under capacitive load by the equivalent resistance method. For the pre-stage totem-pole circuit, a double-loop controller is designed to realize the control of bus voltage and power factors, and a constant current controller with proportional-integral (PI) plus low-pass filtering control is proposed for the post-stage LLC circuit to reduce the adverse effects of high-frequency noise. Finally, through model construction and simulation analysis, the charging characteristics of high-voltage capacitor charging power supply at 3000V/1 A are studied, and the feasibility of the technical scheme, design and control strategy of the power supply is verified.
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图 1 两级式高压电容充电电源拓扑结构
Figure 1. Two-stage high-voltage capacitor charging power supply topology
图 2 图腾柱无桥PFC等效电路（正半周期）
Figure 2. Totem-pole bridgeless PFC equivalent circuit (positive half-cycle)
图 5 恒流充电过程的电压频率曲线
Figure 5. Voltage-frequency curve of constant current charging process
图 6 图腾柱无桥电路的系统控制框图
Figure 6. System control block diagram of a totem-pole bridgeless circuit
图 10 变频、定频和交界之处时的输入电压电流波形
Figure 10. Input voltage and current waveforms at frequency conversion, fixed frequency and junction
表 1 仿真电路参数
Table 1. Simulation circuit parameters
input voltage
Uin/Voutput voltage
Uo/Voutput current
Io/Aboost inductor
L1/µHbusbar voltage
Ubus/Vresonant inductor
Lr/µHmagnetizing inductor
Lm/µHresonant capacitor
Cr/μFtransformer ratio
Nload capacitor
Co/µFAC220 DC3000 1 100 400 16 40 1 1:8 500 
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