Design of high-voltage components for acceleration grid power supply of neutral beam injection system
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摘要: 基于负离子的中性束注入是未来大型托卡马克装置不可或缺的辅助加热方式。中性束系统中的加速极电源需要输出−200 kV电压和5 MW的功率，还经常面临负载短路和断路的特殊工况。过去对加速极电源的研究中缺少高压部分的方案设计，而电源中高压部件的绝缘设计是电源研制过程中必不可少的关键环节。据电源指标和特殊工况的特点，计算了电源高压部分的隔离升压变压器、高压整流器和高压滤波器的电路参数，并对这些部件基于油浸式绝缘进行了工程设计，通过有限元仿真分析进行了绝缘验证。仿真结果表明，这些部件中的电场强度最高为16.22 kV/mm，小于变压器油击穿场强并具有2倍的绝缘裕度。设计的高压部件结构可以满足电源的绝缘要求。Abstract: Negative-ion based neutral beam injection is an indispensable auxiliary heating method for future large tokamak devices. The acceleration grid power supply in the neutral beam system requires an output voltage of -200 kV and a power of 5 MW, and often faces special conditions of sudden short-circuit and disconnection of the load. The design of the high-voltage components is still missing in the research of the acceleration grid power supply. The insulation design of the high-voltage components is a critical part of the power supply development process. In this paper, the circuit parameters of the step-up transformer, high-voltage rectifier and high-voltage filter of the high-voltage part of the power supply are calculated according to the power supply index and the characteristics of the special working conditions, the engineering design based on oil-immersed insulation of these parts is also carried out, and the insulation is verified by finite element simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the maximum electric field strength in these components is 16.22 kV/mm, which is less than the transformer oil breakdown field strength and has 2 times the insulation margin. The structural design of the high-voltage components in this paper can meet the insulation requirements of the power supply.
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图 3 隔离升压变压器主体电磁结构示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the electromagnetic structure of the step-up transformer
图 5 雷电冲击下隔离升压变压器电场强度分布
Figure 5. Electric field distribution of step-up transformer under the lightning impulse
图 8 隔离升压变压器副边等效电路
Figure 8. Equivalent circuit of the secondary side of the step-up transformer
图 9 整流器电场强度有限元计算结果
Figure 9. Finite element calculation results on the electric field strength of the rectifier
表 1 加速极电源的主要设计指标
Table 1. Main design indexes of the acceleration grid power supply
input voltage/kV rated output voltage/kV output voltage ripple/% rated output current/A DC-bus voltage/V pulse width time/s 10 (50 Hz) −200 ±5 25 ±2500 3600 peak fault voltage/kV short-circuit peak current/A fault energy/J switch-off time/μs restart time/ms breakdown frequency/h−1 −250 3000 ＜10 ＜100 20 200 
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表 2 隔离升压变压器的主要电磁设计结果
Table 2. Main electromagnetic design results for the step-up transformer
silicon steel
sheetsectional area of
the core column/cm2core diameter/mm unit loss of
iron core/(W·kg−1)magnetic flux
density/Tcore weight/kg single-turn
voltage/VB27R095 742.6 320 2.65 1.2 4570 59.39 material of
winding wireprimary side
turnssecondary side
turnsprimary-side
windingsecondary-side
windingprimary-winding
current
density/(A·mm−2)secondary-winding
current
density/(A·mm−2)oxygen-free copper 59 1387 helix type inner screen continuous type 2.53 1.74
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表 3 滤波器Rf和Cf的元件组合及配置
Table 3. Component combination and configuration of Rf and Cf in the filter
Cf /nF operating voltage/kV component combination number of components 300 360 6 series 12 parallel 72 Rf /Ω operating voltage/kV component combination number of components 68 220 4 series 10 parallel 40
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