无人机机载天线高功率微波耦合响应研究

赵敏; 陈亚洲; 周星; 聂亚宁; 李慧娟

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202436.230215

无人机机载天线高功率微波耦合响应研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230215

陆军工程大学石家庄校区电磁环境效应国家重点实验室，石家庄 050003

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（62301605）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵　敏，zhao_min_2012@126.com

通讯作者:
陈亚洲，chen_yazhou@sina.com。

中图分类号: TN97
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-11
- 修回日期: 2024-01-11
- 录用日期: 2024-01-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-29

Coupling response of unmanned aerial vehicle antennas under high-power microwave radiation

National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China

摘要

摘要: 无人机易于受到高功率微波干扰和损伤，无人机机载天线是高功率微波干扰的重要耦合途径。为了研究无人机机载天线高功率微波耦合响应，以数据链天线和导航接收机天线为研究对象，根据无人机实际布局，建立高功率微波辐照下无人机机载天线的耦合模型，通过仿真天线辐射模型远场辐射方向图及S₁₁参数验证天线模型的准确性，得到不同辐照场景和高功率微波辐射场参数下数据链天线和导航接收机天线端口的耦合电压，并进行了典型场景试验验证，结果表明：L波段高功率微波辐照下数据链天线的耦合电压较S、C和X波段更高，相较于水平极化，垂直极化辐射场对无人机数据链的干扰效果更佳，耦合电压与辐射场强成线性关系，受脉宽和前沿的影响较小；空中高功率微波辐照场景下导航接收机天线的耦合电压较地面高功率微波辐照场景更高，该研究将在高功率微波武器打击无人机方面提供理论参考依据。
- 高功率微波 /
- 无人机 /
- 数据链天线 /
- 导航接收机天线 /
- 耦合响应
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is vulnerable to interference and even damage under high-power microwave (HPM) radiation, and its airborne antennas are important coupling pathways. To study the coupling response of its airborne antennas under HPM radiation, taking the datalink antenna and the navigation receiver as the research objects, their coupling models under HPM radiation are established according to the actual layout of the UAV. The accuracy of the antenna models are verified by their far-field pattern and S₁₁ parameter of the antenna. The coupling voltages induced on the ports of the datalink antenna and the navigation receiver antenna under HPM radiation with different scenarios and parameters are obtained, and typical scenario experiment is carried out to verify the simulation results. The results show that the coupling voltage induced on the port of the datalink antenna under L-band HPM radiation is higher than that under S, C and X bands HPM radiation. Compared with the horizontal polarization, HPM with the vertical polarization has better interference effect on the datalink of UAV, and the coupling voltage is linearly related to the radiated field strength and is less affected by the pulse width and the rise time of HPM. The coupling voltage induced on the port of the navigation receiver antenna under space-based HPM is higher than that under ground-based HPM. The research will provide the theoretical references in attacking UAVs with HPM weapons.
- unmanned aerial vehicle /
- high-power microwave /
- datalink antenna /
- navigation receiver antenna /
- coupling response

HTML全文

图 1 无人机机载天线位置示意图

Figure 1. Location diagram of UAV airborne antennas

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图 2 数据链天线模型及其辐射参数

Figure 2. Model and radiation parameters of the datalink antenna

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图 3 典型频率处的数据链天线远场方向图

Figure 3. Far field radiation pattern of the datalink antenna at typical frequencies

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图 4 导航接收机天线模型及其辐射参数

Figure 4. Model and radiation parameters of the navigation receiver antenna

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图 5 典型频率处的导航接收机天线远场方向图

Figure 5. Far field radiation pattern of the navigation receiver antenna at typical frequencies

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图 6 单个高功率微波波形图

Figure 6. Waveforms of a single HPM pulse

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图 7 入射场的定义

Figure 7. Definition of incident field

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图 8 高功率微波辐照下数据链天线耦合模型

Figure 8. Modeling of the datalink antenna under HPM radiation

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图 9 高功率微波辐照下数据链天线端口频域响应波形

Figure 9. Frequency-domain response curves of the datalink antenna under HPM radiation

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图 10 不同入射角和不同极化方式高功率微波辐照下数据链天线端口时域响应波形

Figure 10. Time-domain response curves of the datalink antenna’s port under HPM radiation pulses with different incident angles and polarization modes

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图 11 不同辐射场强高功率微波辐照下数据链天线端口耦合电压

Figure 11. Coupling voltage induced on the port of the datalink antenna under HPM radiation with different field strengths

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图 12 不同前沿和脉宽高功率微波辐照下数据链天线端口耦合电压

Figure 12. Coupling voltage induced on the port of the datalink antenna under HPM radiation with different pulse width and rise time

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图 13 不同辐射场强高功率微波辐照下数据链天线端口耦合电压的仿真与实验结果对比

Figure 13. Comparison of simulation and experimental results of coupling voltages induced on the port of the datalink antenna under HPM radiation with different field strength

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图 14 高功率微波辐照下导航接收机天线端口频域响应波形

Figure 14. Frequency-domain response curve of the navigation receiver antenna under HPM radiation

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图 15 不同高功率微波俯仰角辐照下导航接收机天线端口的耦合电压($ \phi $=0°,α=0°)

Figure 15. Coupling voltage induced on the port of the navigation receiver antenna under HPM radiation with different pitch angles when $ \phi $=0° and α=0°

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图 16 不同方位角和极化方式高功率微波辐照下导航接收机天线端口的耦合电压(俯仰角θ=45°)

Figure 16. Coupling voltage induced on the port of the navigation receiver antenna under HPM radiation with different azimuth angles and polarization mode when θ=45°

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表 1 不同辐射场强下高功率微波辐照下数据链天线端口耦合电压和功率

Table 1. Coupling voltages and powers induced on the port of the datalink antenna under HPM radiation with different field strength

field strength/ E/(V·m⁻¹)	voltage read by oscilloscope V_m/V	power read by oscilloscope P_m/dBm	attenuation value A₁/dB	cable loss A₂/dB	coupling power P/dBm	coupling voltage V_out/V
100	2.2	19.94	0	1.7	21.64	2.7
200	1.4	16.02	10	1.7	27.72	5.44
300	2.1	19.44	10	1.7	31.14	8.06
400	2.74	21.78	10	1.7	33.48	10.56
500	3.5	23.88	10	1.7	35.58	13.44

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