Primary study on time control technology of active phased array based on photoconductive microwave source
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摘要: 基于宽禁带光导半导体的固态光导微波源是高功率微波产生的一种新途径，该方案具有功率密度高、频带范围宽等特点，且其低时间抖动特性使其在功率合成方面具有巨大潜力，利用光波束形成网络构建光导微波有源相控阵是光导微波器件迈向实用的重要途径。分析了光导微波相控阵系统原理，设计了光导微波真延时网络架构，并构建了差分真延时相控阵和考虑相位随机误差的真延时相控阵的理论模型，对影响功率合成和波束扫描的关键因素开展定量分析和仿真验证。结果表明，对于发射1 GHz信号的n×10阵列，延时均方差在10 ps以下时，指向偏差小于0.13°，峰值增益损耗小于2%；延时步进精度在10 ps以下时，指向偏差小于0.2°，峰值增益损耗小于0.03%。由此提出延时精度指标，为未来更高功率、更大规模的光导微波合成技术发展提供参考。Abstract: Solid-state photoconductive microwave source based on wide-bandgap photoconductive semiconductor is a new way of high power microwave generation. The scheme has the characteristics of high power density and wide frequency band, and its low time jitter characteristic makes it have great potential in power synthesis. The construction of active phased array of photoconductive microwave devices using optical beamforming network is an important way for the application of photoconductive microwave devices. In this paper, the principle of optical microwave phased array system is analyzed, and the theoretical models of differential true delay phased array and true delay phased array considering phase random error are constructed. The key factors affecting power synthesis and beam scanning are quantitatively analyzed and simulated, and the delay precision index is proposed.The results show that for the n×10 array transmitting signal at 1 GHz, when the delay phase variance is less than 10 ps, the pointing deviation is less than 0.2° and the peak gain loss is less than 2%. When the delay step accuracy is less than 10 ps, the pointing deviation is less than 0.2°, and the peak gain loss is less than 0.03%. On this basis, the real time delay network architecture of photoconductive microwave is designed, which provides a reference for the development of higher power and larger scale photoconductive microwave synthesis technology in the future.
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图 1 基于线性SiC器件的光控相控阵系统架构示意图，其中包括光电转换模块和簇发模式脉冲激光器模块
Figure 1. Scheme of the optically controlled phased array system based on linear SiC devices, including thephotoelectric conversion components and the burst-mode operation pulse laser
图 2 光控相控阵系统架构展望，其中激光器模块采用全光纤方案实现分光、延时与放大
Figure 2. Scheme of the optically controlled phased array system in the future, where the optical signal is delayed first and then amplified
图 5 考虑差分延时步进的光真延时相控阵列分析结果
Figure 5. Analysis results of OTTD phased array considering time delay step
图 6 考虑延时误差的光真延时相控阵列分析结果
Figure 6. Analysis results of OTTD phased array considering time delay error
图 7 CST仿真结果中，旁瓣增益的增加值，平均波束偏斜角度和主瓣峰值功率的下降值
Figure 7. Increment of beam sidelobe power, average beam squint and reduction of beam peak power against phase standard deviation in the simulation result in CST
表 1 对于1×n阵列，功率合成损耗小于10%时对应的时延均方差
Table 1. Delay variance when the loss is less than 10% for a 1×n array antenna
number of array elements 90% of the theoretical gain/dB time delay index at 1 GHz/ps time delay index at 3 GHz/ps 1×4 11.58 26 9 1×8 17.6 30 10 1×10 19.54 32 11 
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表 2 对于m×n面阵，功率合成损耗小于10%时对应的时延均方差
Table 2. Delay variance when the loss is less than 10% for a m×n array antenna
number of array elements 90% of the theoretical gain/dB time delay index at 1 GHz/ps time delay index at 3 GHz/ps 2×4 17.6 29 10 8×8 35.67 41 13-14 8×10 37.6 43 13-14
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表 3 相位均方差对相控阵列关键指标的影响
Table 3. Influence of phase variance on the key indicators of phased array
phase standard deviation/(°) element number beam squint/(°) main lobe power/dB side lobe power/dB 10 10 0.40 −0.10 +3.00 15 10 0.64 −0.22 +4.64 20 10 0.94 −0.40 +5.95
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