Dalian Advanced Light Source beam dump radiation shielding design and thermal analysis
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摘要: 基于蒙特卡罗模拟软件FLUKA和有限元软件COMSOL对大连先进光源（DALS）束流垃圾桶的设计进行了初步研究。采用FLUKA软件进行了束流垃圾桶和主体建筑的建模，理论公式和模拟计算保证径向和轴向束流垃圾桶沉积能量在99%以上，计算中引入减方差技巧，降低计算结果的统计误差，相应的计算结果的误差在5%以内。同时计算给出侧墙和顶板位置的辐射剂量率的大小，侧墙两边的剂量率大小分别为1.84 μSv/h和1.15 μSv/h，顶板位置处的剂量率大小约为1.14 μSv/h，保证了工作人员的安全与健康。利用COMSOL软件计算束流入射情况下束流垃圾桶的温度分布和热应力的大小，得到稳态情况下束流垃圾桶的最高温度为55.1 ℃，最大热应力大小为54.5 MPa，小于材料的熔点和屈服强度，保证束流垃圾桶在装置运行过程中的稳定性。Abstract: A preliminary study of the design of the beam dump for the Dalian Advanced Light Source (DALS) was studied with the Monte Carlo simulation software FLUKA and the finite element software COMSOL. The modeling of the beam dump and the main building was carried out using FLUKA software. Both theoretical formulas and simulation calculations ensured that the energy deposited radially and axially in the beam dump was above 99%. The reduced variance technique was introduced in the calculation to reduce the statistical error of the calculation results, and the error of the corresponding calculation results was within 5%. To ensure the safety of the staff during the operation stage, the dose rates at the side walls and the top plate were calculated using FLUKA software simulations, and the dose rates at the two side walls were 1.84 μSv/h and 1.15 μSv/h, respectively, and the dose rate at the top plate was 1.45 μSv/h, which ensures the safety and health of the staff. Using the finite element software COMSOL, the maximum temperature of the beam dump under the steady state condition was 55.1 ℃, and the corresponding maximum thermal stress was 54.5 MPa, which are less than the melting point and yield strength of the material respectively. The stability of the beam dump during the operation of the device is ensured.
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图 3 大连先进光源束流垃圾桶附近的剂量率二维分布
Figure 3. Two-dimension dose rate distribution of Dalian Advanced Light Source
图 4 侧墙外和顶板处的剂量率大小
Figure 4. Magnitude of dose rate outside the side walls and the ceiling
图 5 电子束稳态运行时束流垃圾桶的热源分布
Figure 5. Heat source distribution during the electron beam steady state
图 6 稳态情况下束流垃圾桶的温度和热应力的分布
Figure 6. Beam dump temperature and thermal stresses in the steady state
表 1 石墨、铝和铜的物理性质和辐照特性的对比
Table 1. Physical properties and irradiation properties of graphite, aluminum and copper
material Z A density Ec/MeV X0/cm RM/cm R99%/cm L99%/cm Tmelt/℃ Top/℃ E/GPa α(10−6 K−1) σ0.2/MPa σu/MPa C 6 12.01 1.71 75.9 25.10 7.0 35.0 383 3800 500～600 13 7(6～8) − 60 Al 13 26.98 2.70 40 8.89 4.7 23.5 159 660 ≤250 70 26 200～400 80～120 Cu 29 63.54 8.96 18.8 1.44 1.6 8.0 30 1083 ≤200 120 17 150～400 60～100 
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