Fast-rise-time solid-state trigger pulse generator based on pulse transformer
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摘要: 结合理论求解、仿真分析与实验验证，确定了影响脉冲变压器型触发器输出前沿的主要因素，并研制了一台能可靠触发真空沿面闪络开关导通的快前沿固态触发器。研究结果表明：影响触发器输出脉冲前沿的关键因素为脉冲变压器漏感、匝数比和半导体开关开通速度；不同绕制方式的脉冲变压器漏感差异很大，最小漏感绕法的变压器漏感值低1个数量级；选用开通速度优于15 ns的碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（SiC MOSFET）、绕制低漏感（小于0.5 μH）的脉冲变压器，实现了前沿为20.4 ns（10%～90%）、幅值为16.5 kV的快前沿输出；控制SiC MOSFET的驱动脉宽在35～55 ns变化可以控制触发电流峰值在35～55 A范围内变化。Abstract: Using fast-rise-time high voltage pulse to trigger the switch is an important method to realize its low jitter operation. Combined with theoretical analysis, simulation results and experimental data, the main factors affecting the output pulse rise time of the pulse-transformer-based trigger source are investigated and a fast-rise-time solid-state trigger pulse generator is developed. Research results in this paper indicate that the key factors affecting the output pulse rise time are the leakage inductance of the pulse transformer, the turn-on speed of the semiconductor switch, and the pulse transformer turn ratio. A huge difference is observed in leakage inductance for different winding types. Among three winding types, the maximum leakage inductance is one order of magnitude greater than the minimum one. By selecting SiC MOSFET with a turn-on time less than 15 ns and using pulse transformer with low leakage inductance (<0.5 μH), a 20.4 ns (10%～90%) fast rise time and 16.5 kV output voltage can be achieved. By controlling the SiC MOSFET drive signal pulse width from 35−55 ns, the peak trigger current can vary from 35 to 55 A. The developed fast-rise-time solid-state trigger pulse generator can reliably trigger the vacuum surface flashover switch.
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图 1 脉冲变压器型触发器等效电路图
Figure 1. Equivalent circuit of trigger pulse generator based on pulse transformer
图 3 不同时间常数τ1和τ2下半导体开关阻抗变化规律
Figure 3. Change of simulated switch impedance under different time constants τ1 and τ2
图 4 不同开关开通时间下触发器输出仿真波形
Figure 4. Simulated output waveforms of the trigger pulse generator under different switch turn-on time
图 6 不同开关开通速度下触发器输出波形图
Figure 6. Output waveforms of the trigger pulse generator under different switch turn-on time
图 7 不同脉冲变压器绕制方式下触发器输出波形图
Figure 7. Output waveforms of the trigger pulse generator under different winding types
图 9 真空沿面闪络开关测试电路原理图
Figure 9. Experimental platform for vacuum surface flashover switch
图 10 不同驱动信号脉宽下的触发电流波形
Figure 10. Waveforms of the trigger current under different drive signal pulse width
图 11 电触发真空沿面闪络开关工作波形图
Figure 11. Operation waveforms of the electrically triggered vacuum surface flashover switch
表 1 不同脉冲变压器绕制方式下的励磁电感与等效漏感值
Table 1. Measured value of the excitation and leakage inductance under different pulse transformer winding types
pulse transformer
winding typephysical
imageprimary side excitation
inductance@10 kHz/mHprimary side excitation
inductance@100 kHz/mHprimary side leakage
inductance@10 kHz/μHprimary side leakage
inductance@100 kHz/μHNo.1 
8.3 1.9 8.5 8.3 No.2 
8.3 1.9 3.8 3.7 No.3 
8.1 1.8 0.48 0.43 
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