Design of discrete magnetic coupling drivers for high-frequency nanosecond pulse modulator
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摘要: 随着高压纳秒固态脉冲发生器在生物、工业和环境等领域的应用日益广泛和深入，脉冲波形、电压幅值、脉冲持续时间、脉冲重复频率等参数已成为特定脉冲功率应用所需的基本可控变量。为了进一步减小电源的体积、降低成本，提出一款以正极性Marx为主电路、多个脉冲变压器为核心驱动器、具有纳秒级前沿高重复频率的高压纳秒脉冲调制器。提出的驱动器结构紧凑，无需提供多路隔离供电的驱动电源，可以在高重复频率下实现两个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFETs）的栅极电压快速同步上升和下降，获得百纳秒以内、幅值可控的栅极驱动电压。不仅最大脉宽不受磁芯饱和的限制，而且负偏置电压使开关管可控关断，同时在一定程度上避免了电流流过MOSFET米勒电容而引起的寄生导通，提高了电路工作的可靠性。此外，研究了不同匝数和磁芯材料对驱动波形的影响。搭建了一台14级脉冲调制器样机，测试结果表明，基于该驱动器下的调制器输出电压和脉宽都连续可调，具有改变脉冲轮廓的能力，最大输出电压可达5.5 kV，脉宽调节范围为100 ns～50 ms，最小上升时间约18 ns，重复频率为100 kHz。Abstract: With the increasing and extensive applications of high-voltage nanosecond solid-state pulse generators in various fields such as biology, industry, and environment, the pulse waveform, voltage amplitude, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency have become essential controllable variables for specific pulse power applications. To further reduce the size and cost of the pulsed power supply, a high-voltage nanosecond pulse modulator with high repetition frequency is proposed with positive Marx circuit, drivers with multiple pulse transformers as the core, and ns rising time. This driver enables the design of a high-voltage nanosecond pulse modulator with ns-level rise time and high repetition frequency. The proposed driver features a compact structure and eliminates the need for multiple isolated power supplies for driving. It allows the gate voltage of two MOSFETs to rise and fall rapidly and synchronously at a high repetition frequency, enabling the generation of gate voltage with controllable amplitude within one hundred nanoseconds. In the case, not only the maximum pulse width is not limited by the magnetic core saturation, but also the negative bias voltage can reliably turn off the switch, improving the reliability of the circuit. In addition, the influence of different turns and magnetic core materials on the driving waveform is studied. A 14-stage pulse modulator prototype is developed. Test results show that the output voltage and pulse width of the modulator based on the drivers are continuously adjustable, with the ability to change the pulse profile. The maximum output voltage reaches 5.5 kV with 100 ns to 50 ms width, minimum rise time of approximately 18 ns, and a continuous repetition frequency of 100 kHz.
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图 6 正/负窄脉冲和驱动信号波形图
Figure 6. Voltage waveforms of positive/negative narrow pulse and the drive signal
图 7 100 kHz高重复频率下放电开关和充电开关栅极电压波形图
Figure 7. Gate voltage waveform during operation at 100 kHz high repetitive figurency
图 8 变压和变脉宽输出波形图
Figure 8. Output waveforms with different input voltage and pulse width
图 9 100 kHz输出电压波形和50 ms长脉宽输出电压波形
Figure 9. Output voltage waveforms with f =100 kHz and 50 ms pulse width
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