Low magnetic field X-band over-mode relativistic backward wave oscillator with dual-cavity reflector
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摘要: 提出了一种X波段过模低磁场高效率相对论返波管振荡器（RBWO），其主要结构包括一个双谐振腔反射器、一个周期性慢波结构和一个插入式同轴内导体模式选择器。该RBWO采用了过模结构，较大的过模比带来了更高的功率容量。慢波结构分为空心与同轴两部分，插入同轴避免了高阶模式的竞争，使两段慢波结构分别工作在TM02和同轴TM01模式下。同时，插入同轴还起着模式转换的功能，将TM02转化为TM01，最终在输出波导中输出纯TM01模式。双谐振腔反射器使慢波结构在过模条件下与二极管区域能够实现良好隔离，同时为电子束提供足够的预调制，实现在低磁场下较高的微波转化效率。利用粒子模拟仿真对器件进行优化设计，在二极管电压850 kV、束流11.74 kA、引导磁场0.63 T的条件下，获得了3.5 GW的微波输出功率，微波中心频率为9.46 GHz，转换效率约为35%。Abstract: This paper propose an X-band over-mode high-efficiency relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), whose main structure includes a dual resonant cavity reflector, a periodic slow wave structure and an inserted coaxial mode selector. The RBWO uses an over-mode structure and transmits a pure TM01 mode in the output waveguide. The dual-cavity reflector enables the slow-wave structure to achieve good isolation from the diode region under over-mode conditions, and at the same time provides sufficient pre-modulation for the electron beam to achieve high microwave conversion efficiency under low magnetic field. The addition of the coaxial inner conductor allows the device to work in TM02 mode, while eliminating other unnecessary mode competition, achieving higher power capacity. In the PIC simulation, under the conditions of a guiding magnetic field of 0.63 T, a diode voltage of 850 kV, and a beam current of 11.74 kA, a microwave output power of 3.5 GW was obtained, and the device efficiency was about 35%.
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图 3 双腔谐振反射器对两种入射模式的反射电场示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the reflected electric field of a dual-cavity resonant reflector for two incident modes
图 6 X波段低磁场高效率RBWO模拟模型
Figure 6. X-band low magnetic field high efficiency RBWO simulation model
图 8 输出功率与效率随引导磁场大小的变化
Figure 8. utput power and efficiencychange with the guiding magnetic field
图 9 调制电流分布与电子相空间图
Figure 9. Modulated current distribution and electronic phase space diagram
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