Research on optimization method for layout of air-terminations in multiple lightning rod systems
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摘要: 针对多避雷针系统接闪器布设过于依赖工程经验的问题，基于最小成本原则，以多接闪器的高度和安装位置为优化变量，建立了多避雷针系统接闪器布设的优化模型，提出了基于遗传算法的多避雷针系统接闪器布设优化方法，通过典型设计案例对所提优化设计方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明：该方法对多接闪器位置和高度优化设计的偏差不大于0.29 m；在该方法获得的接闪器位置和高度最优解条件下，预设的防护对象能够完全处于避雷针系统的保护范围之内，且防护对象与保护范围边界的最小间距不大于0.71 m，能够完全满足工程使用的需求。Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the layout design of air-terminations in multiple lightning rod systems relies too much on engineering experience, based on the principle of least cost, an optimization model for the layout of air-terminations in multiple lightning rod systems is established by taking height and installation position of the air-terminations as the optimization variables. An optimization method for the layout of multiple air-terminations based on the genetic algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is verified by typical design cases. The results show that the deviation of the height and position of the air-terminations obtained by this method is not more than 0.29 m. All the preset objects to be protected can be completely covered within the protection range of the multiple lightning rod systems, and the minimum distance between the protected objects and the boundary of the protection range is not more than 0.71 m, which can fully meet the needs of engineering applications.
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图 1 双避雷针系统优化问题的约束条件计算设置
Figure 1. Computational settings of the constraint condition for the optimization problem of double lightning rod systems
图 2 基于遗传算法的多避雷针系统接闪器布设优化流程
Figure 2. Optimization design process for the layout of air-terminations in multiple lightning rod systems based on genetic algorithm
图 4 典型双接闪器布局优化问题的寻优求解情况
Figure 4. Result of the optimization calculation for the typical layout of double air-terminations
图 6 双避雷针系统接闪器布设案例的寻优求解情况
Figure 6. Results of the optimization calculation for the layout case of double air-terminations
表 1 最优解与理论值的对比
Table 1. Comparison between the optimal solution and theoretical value
xr1/m yr1/m hr1/m xr2/m yr2/m hr2/m theoretical value −15 0 18 15 0 18 optimal solution −15.29 0.18 18.24 15.05 −0.08 18.10 deviation 0.29 0.18 0.24 0.05 0.08 0.10 
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表 2 双避雷针系统接闪器布设的最优解
Table 2. Optimal solution for the layout of air-terminations in double lightning rod systems
xr1/m yr1/m hr1/m xr2/m yr2/m hr2/m 10.99 11.20 25.23 53.34 33.47 18.13
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