Simulation of high power microwave oscillator with locked frequency and phase based on nested structure
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摘要: 高功率微波（HPM）产生器件通过增加慢波结构的过模比使得功率容量显著提高。嵌套型结构让过模器件的空心结构或内导体结构得到使用，同时嵌套型器件的低阻抗使得其与低阻脉冲功率源能良好匹配。基于内外嵌套结构提出了一种锁频锁相高功率微波振荡器。相对于传统的锁频锁相方法，提出了基于耦合波导实现锁频锁相的新方法。内外相对论速调管振荡器（RKO）产生的微波信号通过耦合波导泄漏到高频结构中，对电子束进行预调制，从而实现锁频锁相。另外，为实现内外高功率微波通道合成，设计了双通道功率合成器。在振荡器的工作频点，功率合成器能弥补振荡器两输出通道相位差，使得功率合成效率提高，合成效率为98.3%。在二极管电压575 kV，磁场强度0.6 T条件下，内外RKO 的微波输出功率分别为2.2 GW和3.2 GW，频率差波动小于20 MHz，相位差稳定在10°附近；加载双通道功率合成器，仿真结果表明，微波输出功率为5.31 GW，功率效率32.2%。结果表明，嵌套器件在互锁状态时，振荡器饱和时间缩短，输出功率增大。Abstract: The power capacity of high-power microwave generating devices is improved by increasing the overmode ratio of the slow wave structure. The nested structure allows the use of the hollow or inner conductor structure of the overmode device, while the low impedance of the nested structure device makes it a good match for low-impedance pulsed power sources. A high-power microwave oscillator with locked frequency and phase is proposed based on the nested structure. Compared with the traditional method to lock phase and frequency, a method based on coupling waveguide is proposed to realize the locked frequency and phase. The microwave generated by the outer relativistic klystron oscillator (RKO) or inner RKO leaks into the other RKO through the coupling waveguide to premodulate the electron beam to lock phase and frequency. In addition, a dual-way power combiner is designed at the operating frequency of the oscillator to realize the combination of the inner and outer high-power microwave. The power combiner can make up for the phase difference between the two output ways, increasing the power combination efficiency to 98.3%. When the diode voltage is 575 kV and the magnetic field is 0.6 T, the output power of inner and outer RKOs are 2.2 GW and 3.2 GW, respectively, with the frequency difference fluctuating less than 20 MHz and the phase difference stabilized near 10°; loading the designed power combiner, high power microwave with power of 5.31 GW and efficiency of 32.2% is obtained. The results show that the oscillator saturation time is shortened and the output power is increased when the nested device is in the locked state.
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图 1 内外RKO嵌套型器件结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the new nested device based on two relativistic klystron oscillator (RKOs)
1-dual annular cathode, 2-outer RKO, 3-inner RKO,4-coupling waveguide, 5-IREB
图 2 归一化电场分布示意图和其对应的电子束负载电导
Figure 2. Normalized electric field distribution and electron conductivity
图 5 外部RKO输出功率以及频谱
Figure 5. Output power of the outer RKO and the spectra of the generated microwave
图 6 内部RKO输出功率以及频谱
Figure 6. Output power of the inner RKO and the spectrum of the generated microwave
图 11 功率合成器的传输系数和相对相位
Figure 11. Transmission coefficient and relative phase of the power combiner
图 12 系统整体结构示意图
Figure 12. Schematic of the whole system
1-dual annular cathode, 2-outer RKO, 3-inner RKO, 4-coupling waveguide, 5-IREB, 6-power combiner
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