Design and research of C-band miniaturized high power microwave output window
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摘要: 为了满足高功率微波系统对微波输出窗高功率容量和紧凑化的应用需求，以传统盒型窗的设计理论为基础，通过优化窗体结构和添加过渡段等手段，设计了一种C波段小型化高功率微波输出窗。通过增大窗体表面积、改变矩形波导-圆波导过渡段的连接方式可提高功率容量并缩小微波输出窗的纵向尺寸；采用“I”型的窗体结构可有效抑制三相点（真空-介质-金属）附近的次级电子倍增效应对输出窗性能的影响。在电磁仿真的基础上采用粒子模拟（Particle-in-Cell）的方法研究了微波输出窗三相点附近的次级电子倍增效应，从微观角度进一步证实了“I”型窗体结构可使三相点位置发生移动，减小三相点发射的电子在窗片表面产生次级电子倍增效应的概率，降低微波输出窗的击穿风险。设计结果表明，微波输出窗在中心频点处的主模反射系数低于0.01，传输效率高于99.9%，功率容量可达47.9 MW。Abstract: To meet the high power capacity and compact application requirements of microwave output window in high power microwave system, a C-band miniaturized high power microwave output window is designed based on the design theory of traditional box window by optimizing the form structure and adding transition segments. By increasing the surface area of the window and changing the connection mode of the rectangular waveguide-circular waveguide transition segment, the power capacity can be increased and the longitudinal size of the microwave output window can be reduced. The “I” form structure can effectively suppress the influence of multipactor near the triple point(vacuum-media-mental) on the performance of the output window. On the basis of electromagnetic simulation, the multipactor near the triple point of the microwave output window is studied by using the Particle-in-Cell method. From the microscopic point of view, it is further confirmed that the "I" form structure can make the position of the triple point move, reduce the probability of multipactor generated by the electrons emitted by the triple point on the surface of the window, and reduce the breakdown risk of the microwave output window. The design results show that the main mode reflection coefficient of the microwave output window at the center frequency is lower than 0.01, the transmission efficiency is higher than 99.9%, and the power capacity can reach 47.9 MW.
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Key words:
- high power microwave /
- output window /
- miniaturization /
- power capacity /
- triple point /
- multipactor
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图 2 盒型窗的反射和传输特性曲线
Figure 2. Reflection and transmission characteristic curves of the box window
图 5 输出窗的反射和传输特性曲线
Figure 5. Reflection and transmission characteristic curves of the output window with power capacity increased
图 6 输出窗表面的场分布
Figure 6. Field distribution on the output window surface with power capacity increased
图 8 输出窗的反射和传输特性曲线
Figure 8. Reflection and transmission characteristic curves of the output window with optimized triple point
图 9 输出窗表面的场分布
Figure 9. Field distribution on surface of the output window with optimized triple point
图 12 优化前后次级电子数目增长曲线对比
Figure 12. Comparison of secondary electron number growth curves before and after optimization
图 13 优化前后窗体表面电子分布图
Figure 13. Electron distribution on the surface of the window before and after optimization
表 1 优化参数值
Table 1. Optimized parameter values
a1/mm b1/mm h/mm l/mm t/mm R/mm 47.549 22.149 15 50 15.5 26.5 
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表 2 优化参数值
Table 2. Optimized parameter values
h1/mm h2/mm h3/mm h4/mm h5/mm t1/mm r0/mm 20 6 5.5 16.5 4.5 12.5 40 r1/mm r2/mm r3/mm S1/mm S2/mm S3/mm S4/mm 34 15 12 30.9 55 42 59.5
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表 3 优化后的参数值
Table 3. Optimized parameter values
l1/mm l2/mm l3/mm l4/mm l5/mm l6/mm l7/mm l8/mm 4 9 1.8 10 8 4.5 6 8 t2/mm d1/mm d2/mm d3/mm d4/mm r/mm r4/mm r5/mm 13.1 31 55 42 59.5 40 17 12
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