Numerical simulation on spacecraft chargingdue to electron beam emission
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摘要: 通过发射电子束测量空间地磁场是一种新的有效的地磁场高精度测量方法，但电子束发射对在轨航天器自身状态和安全存在影响。为了研究这一影响，从同步轨道充电机制出发，基于轨道限制机制和朗缪尔方程研究了航天器发射高能电子束时的诱发充电模型，推导了不同初始电位情况下束流发射的平衡电位公式，并编制程序研究了这一过程中粒子束电流、能量、光照等因素对航天器充电电位的影响，得到了航天器对外发射高能电子束时诱发航天器自身或平台的充电电位随时间变化规律，并通过部分解析解对比验证了模拟结果的正确性。Abstract: Measuring the geomagnetic field in space by emitting electron beams is a new and effective high-precision measurement method of the geomagnetic field, but the emission of electron beams has an impact on the state and safety of the spacecraft. To study the influence, based on the orbit-limited mechanism, the model of spacecraft charging due to high-energy electron beam emission was studied, and the potential balance formula under different initial potentials was derived , and a program was compiled to study the impact of particle beam current, energy, light electron and other factors affecting the spacecraft charging potential. The time-varying law of the charging potential induced by the spacecraft itself or the platform when the spacecraft emits high-energy electron beams is obtained, and the correctness of the simulation results is verified by the partial analytical solution comparison.
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图 2 不同发射电流负电位充电(减缓)示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of negative potential charging (slowing down) vs different emission currents
图 3 初始正电位航天器充电平衡电位随发射电流大小变化示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the initial positive potential spacecraft charging balance potential with the emitted current
图 4 GEO航天器2 ms停止发射情况电位随时间变化图
Figure 4. GEO spacecraft potential vs time when emission stops at 2 ms
表 1 半径为1 m球形航天器的环境粒子流随电位变化表 (假定环境离子为质子)
Table 1. Environmental particle flow of a spherical spacecraft with a radius of 1m vs spacecraft potential (assuming that the ion is proton)
spacecraft
potential/kVenvironmental electron
current density/(A·m−2)environmental
electron current/µAenvironmental ion
current density/(A·m−2)environmental
ion current/µA−1000 ～0 0 $ {\text{2}}{\text{.1}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 4}} $ 670.00 −100 ～0 0 $ {\text{2}}{\text{.1}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{5}}}} $ 67.60 −10 $ {\text{7}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{11}}}} $ 0 $ {\text{2}}{\text{.3}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{6}}}} $ 7.30 −1 $ {\text{2}}{\text{.5}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{6}}}} $ 31 $ {\text{4}}{\text{.0}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{7}}}} $ 1.20 0 $ {\text{7}}{\text{.9}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{6}}}} $ 100 $ {\text{1}}{\text{.8}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{7}}}} $ 0.58 1 $ {\text{1}}{\text{.7}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{5}}}} $ 210 $ {\text{5}}{\text{.8}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{8}}}} $ 0.18 10 $ {\text{1}}{\text{.0}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{4}}}} $ 1200 $ {\text{1}}{\text{.7}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{12}}}} $ ～0 100 $ {\text{9}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{4}}}} $ 1160 ～0 ～0 1000 $ {\text{9}}{\text{.1}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - {\text{3}}}} $ 11000 ～0 ～0 
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