Experimental study on mechanism of removing hazardous space debris based on strong electromagnetic irradiation
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摘要: 针对当前空间碎片数量急剧增长问题，探究基于强电磁辐照的主动清除手段的可行性，以多层隔热结构作为典型危险空间碎片模型，重点关注其电磁响应敏感的金属镀层部分，通过构建复杂多环境因素物理场，在S波段强电磁辐照和真空环境下进行了验证实验。实验结果表明，在10−3 Pa量级的真空环境下，强电磁脉冲与多层隔热结构金属镀层发生相互作用，引发放电现象并产生等离子体，同时伴随着宏观动力学特性的改变。通过观察和分析，我们探讨研究了可能的物理过程，包括强场击穿导致材料点放电、面闪络引起材料网状放电和镀层损伤、粒子吸收微波能量导致材料变形以及等离子体烧蚀引起材料损毁等。该研究为利用强电磁脉冲辐照主动移除危险空间碎片提供了重要的技术支持。Abstract: This study aims to address the issue of the rapidly increasing quantity of space debris by investigating the feasibility of active debris removal by strong electromagnetic irradiation. A multi-layer insulation structure was employed as a typical model for hazardous space debris, and feasibility validation experiments were conducted in a complex physical environment incorporating multiple environmental factors under strong electromagnetic irradiation in the S-band and vacuum conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that, in a vacuum environment at the order of 10−3 Pa, strong electromagnetic pulses interact with the multi-layer insulation structure, triggering discharge phenomena and generating plasma, accompanied by changes in macroscopic dynamic characteristics. Through observation and analysis, possible physical processes were explored, including strong field breakdown leading to point discharge in materials, surface flashover causing mesh discharge and coating to damage, particle absorption of microwave energy resulting in material deformation or expansion, as well as plasma ablation leading to material destruction. This study provides important technical support for the active removal of hazardous space debris using strong electromagnetic irradiation.
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Key words:
- electromagnetic irradiation /
- space debris /
- heat insulation material /
- discharge damage
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