Study of low-jitter laser-triggered pseudo-spark switches
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摘要: 伪火花开关已经成功地应用于各种脉冲功率应用，包括欧洲大型强子对撞机、反导雷达系统、航空发动机点火等。对于这样的应用，降低开关的延迟和抖动来提升稳定性是非常重要的。设计了一种激光触发伪火花开关，使用波长532 nm的激光，在不同气压、工作电压和触发能量下，测试激光触发伪火花开关的阳极着火延迟时间和抖动两项参数。测试结果表明，增加激光能量可以降低开关的延迟和抖动，实现开关稳定性的激光能量阈值在1.5 mJ，可以使得开关的抖动小于1 ns，继续增大触发能量，开关的延迟和抖动不再明显变化；此外，增大管内的氢气压强可降低开关的延迟和抖动；当触发能量足够大时，改变阳极电压，开关的延迟和抖动不随开关电压而改变。Abstract: Pseudo-spark switches have been successfully used in a variety of pulsed power applications, including the European Large Hadron Collider, anti-missile radar systems, and aero-engine ignition. For such applications, it is important to reduce the delay and jitter of the switch to improve stability. In this paper, a laser-triggered pseudo-spark switch is designed using a laser with a wavelength of 532 nm, and the anode firing delay time and jitter of the laser-triggered pseudo-spark switch are tested under different air pressures, operating voltages, and triggering energies. The test results show that increasing the laser energy can reduce the delay and jitter of the switch, and the laser energy threshold of 1.5 mJ for switch stability can make the jitter of the switch less than 1 ns, and the delay and jitter of the switch no longer change significantly with continuing increase of the trigger energy; in addition, increasing the hydrogen pressure inside the tube can reduce the delay and jitter of the switch; when the trigger energy is large enough, changing the anode voltage does not change the delay and jitter of the switch.
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Key words:
- laser triggering /
- pseudo-spark switching /
- initial plasma /
- time parameter /
- working voltage
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图 2 激光触发伪火花开关的结构示意图和实物图
Figure 2. Structure diagram and photo of a laser-triggered pseudospark switch
图 3 激光触发伪火花开关光路示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of laser-triggered pseudo-spark switch optical circuit
图 7 不同氢压下激光能量与开关延迟时间的关系
Figure 7. Laser energy versus switching delay time at different hydrogen pressures
表 1 激光触发的延迟时间和抖动
Table 1. Delay time and jitter of focusing laser triggering
Eλ/mJ τdelay/ns τjitter/ns 1 2 3 4 5 0.3 251 274 271 283 259 10.1 0.5 160 162 150 158 160 3.2 0.9 102 106 107 110 105 2 1.5 64 64 64 64 64 ＜1 2 52 52 52 52 52 ＜1 
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表 2 不同电压下不同激光能量的延迟时间
Table 2. Delay time for different laser energies at different voltages
Ua/kV τdelay/ns 0.15 mJ 0.2 mJ 0.3 mJ 0.5 mJ 0.9 mJ 1.5 mJ 2 mJ 3 mJ 5 mJ 7 mJ 10 mJ 13 mJ 15 mJ 8 300 175 100 78 61 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 5 1000 600 268 158 106 64 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 3 – 700 400 330 290 239 95 62 57 51 51 51 51 2 – – 606 522 440 300 95 75 66 60 60 60 60 1 – – 1700 1680 1550 1500 1200 930 98 70 56 56 56 0.5 – – – – – – – – 106 81 60 60 60 0.2 – – – – – – – – – – 71 58 58
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