Study on glow discharge triggered repetitive frequency pseudospark switch
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摘要: 伪火花开关是工作在帕邢曲线左支的低气压开关，具有纳秒级击穿时间、百千安级脉冲电流、工作寿命长等特点。具有高重频性能的伪火花开关民用领域以及军事领域均有广泛的应用需求。基于双脉冲辉光放电触发结构，设计出一种具有重频能力的伪火花开关；在10 kV阳极电压下进行了整管测试，观察不同气压，预、主触发电压对重频性能以及触发性能的影响；结合仿真软件计算不同气压与触发电压下，触发电流的变化，最终总结了两个脉冲对触发过程的影响。测试结果表明，最低仅100 V触发电压，开关重复频率即可从沿面放电触发的100 Hz提升至400 Hz。Abstract: The pseudospark switch works in the left branch of Paschen curve with low gas pressure, and it has the advantages of ns-level breakdown time, 100 kA-level pulse current and long lifetime. High pulse repetition frequency (PRF) pseudospark switch are widely used in both civil and military fields. This paper focuses on the double-pulse trigger structure and presents the design of a switch with this structure, which is tested with 10 kV anode voltage for different gas pressure, pre-trigger voltage and main trigger voltage. The corresponding relationship between the gas pressure, the two trigger voltages and trigger current are calculated respectively. In addition, the influence of pre-trigger and main trigger pulses on the trigger process is analysed. The results show that the minimum trigger voltage is only 100 V, and the switch can work stably with high repetition frequency.
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图 1 伪火花开关结构
Figure 1. Pseudospark switch structure
1-hollow anode; 2-hollow cathode; 3-gate; 4-insulating ceramic; 5-trigger electrode; 6-hydrogen storage
图 2 辉光放电-双脉冲触发的伪火花开关
Figure 2. Glow discharge - double pulse triggered pseudospark switch
图 3 测试电路原理图
Figure 3. Schematics of test circuit
Ea- high voltage DC power supply; Utcp1- main trigger voltage; Utcp2- pre-trigger voltage; UH-hydrogen storage voltage; G- pseudospark switch under test; Ra- charge resistor; Rb- equalizing resistor; RL- load resistor; PFN- pulse forming network
图 6 氢压UH对于重复频率的影响
Figure 6. Effect of hydrogen pressure UH on pulse repetition frequency
图 7 仿真模拟下，不同气压（10～90 Pa）对阴极电流的影响
Figure 7. Influence of different air pressure (10～90 Pa) on cathode current under simulation
图 8 不同预触发电压对重复频率的影响
Figure 8. Influence of different pre-trigger voltages on pulse repetition frequency
图 9 仿真模拟下，主触发电压Utcp1=1.0 kV时，预触发电压Utcp2对触发电流的影响
Figure 9. When the main trigger voltage Utcp1= 1.0 kV, the influence of the pre-trigger voltage Utcp2 on the trigger current under simulation
图 10 不同预触发电压Utcp2下，重复频率随主触发电压Utcp1变化
Figure 10. Under different pre-trigger voltages Utcp2, the pulse repetition frequency changes with the main trigger voltage Utcp1
表 1 国内外重频伪火花开关参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of repetitive frequency pseudospark switches
model anode
voltage/kVcathode pulsating
current/kAaverage anode
current/Apulse repetition
frequency/kHzsize/mm life
span/Ctrigger
modeTD-150k/25 25 150 1.5 0.1 ϕ150 mm×110 mm 5×105 surface discharge TPI-10k/25 25 10 1.5 20 ϕ100 mm×160 mm 1×106 glow discharging TPI-10k/50 50 10 0.35 3 ϕ100 mm×190 mm 1×106 glow discharging VE4172 40 30 0.5 0.1 ϕ150 mm×167 mm 1×105 surface discharge 
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