Achieving prolonged continuous operation of a self-designed 28 GHz/50 kW gyrotron
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摘要:
介绍了中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所针对磁约束聚变装置电子回旋共振加热（ECRH）系统、重离子加速器电子回旋共振（ECR）离子源以及前沿科技探索应用研制的28 GHz/50 kW连续波回旋管最新实验结果。研究团队在2019年该回旋管实现50 kW/30 s运行的基础上，通过结构优化和稳定性设计验证，最终实现了在10～50 kW功率范围多个功率水平的稳定长时间连续运行，典型运行结果为16 kW/3000 s、26 kW/900 s、46 kW/1800 s、50 kW/300 s，特别在输出功率32 kW连续稳定工作了400 min。这是国内首次研制出小时级连续工作的中等功率回旋管。
Abstract:This paper presents the latest experimental results of a 28 GHz/50 kW continuous wave gyrotron, developed by Institute of Applied Electronics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics for applications in the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system of magnetic confinement fusion devices, the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source in heavy ion accelerators and frontier scientific explorations. Stable prolonged continuous operation at multiple power levels ranging from 10 kW to 50 kW has been achieved through structural optimization and stability design verification. Typical sustained operation was observed at 16 kW for 3000 s, 26 kW for 900 s, 46 kW for 1800 s, and 50 kW for 300 s. Notably, a record-breaking continuous stable operation lasting up to 400 min was accomplished at a power level of 32 kW. This achievement represents China’s first successful development of a medium-power gyrotron capable of hour-level continuous operation.
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图 1 28 GHz/50 kW回旋管模型和实验装置
Figure 1. Photographs of the 28 GHz/50 kW gyrotron and experimental setup
表 1 28 GHz/50 kW回旋管参数
Table 1. Parameters of the 28 GHz/50 kW gyrotron
No. parameter value 1 output power serval power points during 10～50 kW 2 pulse width continuous wave 3 total beam voltage −50 kV 4 beam current 3 A 5 MIG (magnetron injection gun) triode type 6 cavity mode TE02 7 working magnetic field 1.05 T 8 output mode quasi-Gaussian beam with beam radius of 25 mm 9 window BN disk 10 collector single-stage depressed collector 11 MOU (matching optics unit) output waist radius of 28.8 mm 12 efficiency ＞30% (45% with SDC) 
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表 2 28 GHz /50 kW回旋管运行记录
Table 2. Operating records and time of the 28 GHz /50 kW gyrotron
No. cathode voltage/kV cathode current/A power/kW test operating time/s 1 −38.4 1.52 16 3 000 2 −40.8 1.44 26 900 3 −40.0 2.56 46 1 800 4 −41.2 2.80 50 300 5 −40.8 2.00 32 24 000
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