Study on temperature rising of stripping foil and stripped electron of China Spallation Neutron Source

Pang Zixi; Huang Mingyang; Chen Jiaxin; Wu Yuwen; Yang Tao; Wang Sheng

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.240289

Volume 37 Issue 1

Dec. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2025 > 37(1): 014006

Pang Zixi, Huang Mingyang, Chen Jiaxin, et al. Study on temperature rising of stripping foil and stripped electron of China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 014006. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.240289

Citation:

Pang Zixi, Huang Mingyang, Chen Jiaxin, et al. Study on temperature rising of stripping foil and stripped electron of China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 014006. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.240289

Citation:

PDF( 2773 KB)

Study on temperature rising of stripping foil and stripped electron of China Spallation Neutron Source

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.240289

Pang Zixi^{1, 2, 3
,},
Huang Mingyang^{1, 2, 3, 4
,
,},
Chen Jiaxin^{1, 2},
Wu Yuwen^{1, 2},
Yang Tao^{1, 2},
Wang Sheng^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523808, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received Date: 2024-08-28
Accepted Date: 2024-11-29
Rev Recd Date: 2024-11-27

Available Online: 2024-12-14

Publish Date: 2025-12-13

Abstract

Abstract

Negative hydrogen stripping injection is the only feasible scheme for accumulating beam in high current proton synchrotrons. Currently, the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) employs negative hydrogen stripping injection by using a stripping foil. The intense temperature rising of the foil caused by energy deposition from the negative hydrogen beam passing through the foil is a critical issue which affecting the foil's lifetime and the stable operation of the accelerator. Additionally, the residual high power electron beam generated during the stripping process may have severe consequences, including electron ionization within the foil causing further temperature increase, thermal damage to the vacuum box from electron impacts, e-p instability from electrons captured by the proton beam in the vacuum tube, and significant electron cloud effects from secondary electrons. This paper focuses on two main topics: first, comprehensive simulations of the foil’s temperature rise have been conducted using finite element analysis software, taking into account various parameters, including the average number of particle crossings. Simulation results under various software conditions are compared to obtain the temperature field distribution on the stripping foil and predict surface temperature increases for future higher beam power. Secondly, the electron distribution following the stripping process is analyzed based on theoretical calculations and Geant4 simulations. The 3D computational model is refined by considering the electromagnetic field and beam conditions in the CSNS injection area, and a scheme for capturing stripping electrons is proposed by determining the optimal position for the electron collection device.
- China Spallation Neutron Source,
- negative hydrogen stripping injection,
- stripping foil,
- temperature rising,
- electron collection

FullText(HTML)

References(20)

References

[1]	Huang Mingyang, Wang Sheng, Qiu Jing, et al. Effects of injection beam parameters and foil scattering for CSNS/RCS[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2013, 37: 067001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/6/067001
[2]	Sugai I, Takeda Y, Oyaizu M, et al. Development of thick hybrid-type carbon stripper foils with high durability at 1800 K for RCS of J-PARC[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2006, 561(1): 16-23.
[3]	Huang Mingyang, Xu Shouyan, Chen Jiaxin, et al. Study on the H⁻ stripping injection for the rapid cycling synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, 2022, 6(2): 201-208. doi: 10.1007/s41605-022-00326-4
[4]	黄明阳, 许守彦, 卢晓含, 等. 中国散裂中子源加速器注入束流损失调节研究[J]. 原子能科学技术, 2019, 53(9):1708-1714 doi: 10.7538/yzk.2019.53.09.1708 Huang Mingyang, Xu Shouyan, Lu Xiaohan, et al. Study on injection beam loss for China Spallation Neutron Source accelerator[J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2019, 53(9): 1708-1714 doi: 10.7538/yzk.2019.53.09.1708
[5]	Potts C W. Negative hydrogen ion injection into the zero gradient synchrotron[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1977, 24(3): 1385-1389. doi: 10.1109/TNS.1977.4328953
[6]	Chou W, Kostin M, Tang Zhijing. Stripping efficiency and lifetime of carbon foils[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2008, 590(1/3): 1-12.
[7]	Lebedev S G, Lebedev A S. Calculation of the lifetimes of thin stripper targets under bombardment of intense pulsed ions[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2008, 11: 020401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.020401
[8]	Plum M A, Holmes J, Shaw R W, et al. SNS stripper foil development program[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2008, 590(1/3): 43-46.
[9]	Smith H V, Adams D J, Jones B, et al. Stripping foil simulations for ISIS injection upgrades[C]//Proceedings of the Second International Particle Accelerator Conference. 2011: 3556-3558.
[10]	Wang Lanfa, Lee Y Y, Mahler G, et al. Stripped electron collection at the Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2005, 8: 094201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.094201
[11]	Plum M A, Cousineau S M, Galambos J, et al. Stripper foil failure modes and cures at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2011, 14: 030102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.030102
[12]	Shirakata M J, Fujimori H, Irie Y, et al. Particle tracking study of the injection process with field interferences in a rapid cycling synchrotron[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2008, 11: 064201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.064201
[13]	Saha P K, Yoshimoto M, Yamazaki Y, et al. Measurement of 181 MeV H⁻ ions stripping cross-sections by carbon stripper foil[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015, 776: 87-93.
[14]	汪晓莲, 李澄, 邵明, 等. 粒子探测技术[M]. 安徽: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 2009: 12-42 Wang Xiaolian, Li Cheng, Shao Ming, et al. Particle detection technology[M]. Anhui: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 2009: 12-42
[15]	Agostinelli S, Allison J, Amako K, et al. G_EANT4-a simulation toolkit[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003, 506(3): 250-303.
[16]	Berger M J, Coursey J S, Zucker M A, et al. Stopping-power& range tables for electrons, protons, and helium ions[EB/OL]. [2024-08-25]. https://www.nist.gov/pml/stopping-power-range-tables-electrons-protons-and-helium-ions.
[17]	Liaw C J, Lee Y Y, Alessi J, et al. Calculation of the maximum temperature on the carbon stripping foil of the Spallation Neutron Source[C]//Proceedings of 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference. 1999: 3300-3302.
[18]	Huang Mingyang, Xu Shouyan, An Yuwen, et al. Study on the anti-correlated painting injection scheme for the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2021, 1007: 165408. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2021.165408
[19]	Lee Y, Mahler G, Meng W, et al. SNS ring injection stripped electron collection: design analysis and technical issues[C]//Proceedings of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference. 2005: 2384-2386.
[20]	Cousineau S, Holmes J A, Plum M A, et al. Dynamics of uncaught foil-stripped electrons in the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source accumulator ring[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2011, 14: 064001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.064001