Design of high-power TM01 online mode selection coupling device
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摘要: 针对传统高功率微波在线测量装置寄生模式抑制度低、测量精度易受到寄生模式干扰的问题，提出了一种高功率TM01模式选模耦合装置。由于相对论返波管阴极发射角向不均匀性会产生非对称模式，而传统的单臂多孔圆波导耦合器无法解决其他非对称模寄生耦合干扰的问题，往往导致检测波形畸变、耦合度判断偏差，严重影响对返波管TM01模输出功率在线评估的准确性。为此，将四臂多孔耦合结构与基于魔T的TM01选模网络相结合，提出了一种新颖的在线选模耦合装置，利用不同波导模式场结构区别实现了TM01模式与其他寄生模式的差异化耦合，解决了因寄生模式干扰引起的在线测试功率不准的问题。仿真结果表明，提出的新型耦合器对TM01模耦合强度相对于其他模式高出20 dB以上，高功率实验中测得在线测试波形及功率与辐射场测试波形及功率符合较好，耦合稳定性得到明显提高。
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关键词:
- 高功率微波 /
- 微波测量 /
- TM01模选模圆波导耦合器 /
- 魔T
Abstract: To solve the problems of low inhibition of parasitic mode and measurement accuracy is susceptible to interference of parasitic modes in traditional high power microwave online measurement devices, a high-power TM01 mode coupling device is studied, which is applied to the Ku-band relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) online measurement system. Due to the RBWO emission’s angular inhomogeneity, asymmetric modes is generated, and the traditional single-arm porous circular waveguide coupler cannot solve the competition problem between the TM01 mode and the asymmetric modes, which generally leads to the detection waveform distortion and coupling degree judgment deviation and seriously affects the accuracy of the online evaluation of the output power of TM01 mode of the RBWO. For this reason, combining the four-arm porous coupling structure with the TM01 mode selection network, a novel online mode-selective coupling device is proposed in this paper. Using the field structure difference of different waveguide modes, the proposed device realizes the differential coupling of TM01 mode and other parasitic modes and solves the problem of inaccurate online test power caused by parasitic mode interference. The simulation results show that the coupling degree of the proposed new coupler to TM01 mode is more than 20 dB higher than that of the other modes, and the on-line test waveform and power measured in the high-power experiment are in good agreement with the radiated field test waveform and power, and the coupling stability is significantly improved. -
图 1 TM01选模耦合器的结构和工作原理示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the TM01 mode selection coupler and its working principle
图 2 圆波导中TM01模式和TE11模式的横向电场分布
Figure 2. Cross-sectional E-field of TM01 mode and TE11 mode in circular waveguide
图 3 单臂四孔圆波导耦合器的结构示意图
Figure 3. Simulation model for the single-arm four-aperture directional coupler
图 4 耦合器的耦合度、隔离度随耦合孔数变化
Figure 4. Coupling degree and directivity of coupler vary with the number of coupling apertures
图 5 单臂四孔圆波导耦合器耦合度曲线
Figure 5. Result of simulation of single-arm four-aperture coupler
图 10 选模耦合器实物及耦合度测量原理图
Figure 10. Image and coupling measurement schematic of fabricated mode selector coupler
表 1 圆波导中传输微波模式
Table 1. Transmission modes in diameter 30 mm circular waveguide
mode number TE11 2 TM01 1 TE21 2 TE01 1 TM11 2 TE31 2 
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表 2 TM01、TE11分别输入时各端口对应微波幅值
Table 2. Complex amplitude of the different ports of TM01 and TE11 modes
port TM01 amplitude TE11 amplitude 1 Em1 ${E_{{\rm{m}}2}}{{\rm{e}}^{{\rm{j}}{\varphi _1}}}$ 2 Em1 ${E_{{\rm{m}}3}}{{\rm{e}}^{{\rm{j}}{\varphi _2}}}$ 3 Em1 $ - {E_{{\rm{m}}2}}{{\rm{e}}^{{\rm{j}}{\varphi _1}}}$ 4 Em1 $ - {E_{{\rm{m}}3}}{{\rm{e}}^{{\rm{j}}{\varphi _2}}}$ 9 0 ${E_{{\rm{m}}2}}{{\rm{e}}^{{\rm{j}}{\varphi _1}}} - {E_{{\rm{m}}3}}{{\rm{e}}^{{\rm{j}}{\varphi _2}}}$ 10 2Em1 0
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表 3 单臂四孔耦合器的尺寸参数
Table 3. Dimensional parameters of the single-arm four-aperture coupler
D/mm R1/mm R2/mm L/mm R/mm T/mm 30 1.7 2 6.8 1 5.4
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表 4 双臂耦合器和选模耦合器在不同方位测试功率差异
Table 4. Test power difference between two-arm coupler and mode-selective coupler in different directions
directions test power difference of two-arm coupler/dB test power difference of mode-selective coupler/dB east to west 0.02 (arm1/arm2) −0.10 down to up −0.26 (arm1/arm2) −0.08 west to east −0.13 (arm2/arm1) −0.05 up to down 0.49 (arm2/arm1) −0.13
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