螺旋发生器电压效率影响因素的数值模拟研究

高明珠; 苏建仓; 尚蔚; 邱旭东; 李锐; 刘世飞; 闫文龙; 张昊冉; 刘智

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202638.250327

螺旋发生器电压效率影响因素的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250327

高明珠^{1, 2,},
苏建仓^{1, 2, ,},
尚蔚^{1, 2, 3},
邱旭东^{1, 2},
李锐^{1, 2},
刘世飞^{1, 2},
闫文龙^{1, 2},
张昊冉^{1, 2},
刘智^{1, 2}

1.
西北核技术研究所，西安 710024
2.
先进高功率微波技术重点实验室，西安 710024
3.
西安交通大学电子物理与器件教育部重点实验室，西安 710049

详细信息

作者简介:
高明珠，gaomingzhu@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
苏建仓，sujiancang@nint.ac.cn。

中图分类号: O441.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 360
- HTML全文浏览量: 173
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-08
- 修回日期: 2025-12-23
- 录用日期: 2025-12-24
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-04

Numerical simulation on the voltage efficiency factors of the spiral generator

Gao Mingzhu^{1, 2
,},
Su Jiancang^{1, 2
, ,},
Shang Wei^{1, 2, 3},
Qiu Xudong^{1, 2},
Li Rui^{1, 2},
Liu Shifei^{1, 2},
Yan Wenlong^{1, 2},
Zhang Haoran^{1, 2},
Liu Zhi^{1, 2}

1.
Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology on High Power Microwave, Xi’an 710024, China
3.
Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

摘要

摘要: 基于“矢量反转原理”的螺旋发生器在实现电压倍增过程中，电压效率会受到开关损耗、传输线损耗及漏感损耗的影响。首先针对上述损耗机制进行了系统分析，然后基于场-路协同仿真方法，定量探究了关键设计参数（线圈匝数n、介质/电极厚度、介质平均直径D、磁导率及开关位置）对漏感损耗的作用规律。仿真结果表明，高磁导率的磁芯能够显著提升螺旋发生器的电压效率；增大D/n有助于提高输出效率，增大匝数n虽可提升输出电压幅值随，但会导致电压效率降低；增大平均直径D可提高电压效率，但会以增加装置体积为代价；减小介质厚度有利于电压效率提升，然而过薄的介质层存在绝缘击穿风险；相较于端部安装，将开关置于线圈中间位置可显著提升电压效率。此外，通过开关闭合后电磁能量转换过程的深入分析，得出关键结论高效率螺旋发生器需要能够在实现磁场能量完全转换回电场能量的同时，确保主动与被动层电场方向一致。
- 螺旋发生器 /
- 矢量反转 /
- 漏感损耗 /
- 高效率 /
- 能量转换
Abstract: Background
In the voltage multiplication process of a spiral generator based on the principle of vector inversion, its voltage efficiency is constrained by losses such as switching loss, transmission line loss and leakage inductance loss.
Purpose
To quantitatively investigate the impact of key design parameters––including coil turn number n, dielectric/electrode thickness, average dielectric diameter D, magnetic core permeability, and switch position on leakage loss and overall efficiency.
Methods
This study employs a field-circuit collaborative simulation method for modeling and analysis.
Results
The simulation results demonstrate that utilizing a high-permeability magnetic core can significantly enhance voltage efficiency; increasing D/n ratio improves output efficiency; while a higher turn number n boosts output voltage amplitude, it concurrently reduces voltage efficiency; enlarging the average diameter D enhances voltage efficiency but at the cost of increased device volume; reducing dielectric thickness benefits efficiency, though excessively thin layers risk insulation breakdown; and positioning the switch at the middle of the coil, rather than at the end, substantially increases voltage efficiency.
Conclusions
Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic energy conversion process after switch closure reveals that a high-efficiency spiral generator must achieve complete conversion of magnetic energy into electric field energy while ensuring the electric fields in the active and passive layers are oriented in the same direction, which is essential for optimal performance.
- spiral generator /
- vector inversion /
- leakage loss /
- high efficiency /
- energy conversion

HTML全文

图 1 SG结构示意图

Figure 1. Structure schematic diagram of SG

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 电场矢量截面图

Figure 2. Electric field vector profile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 无损螺旋发生器的输出波形

Figure 3. Output waveform of a lossless spiral generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 开关损耗相关项随τ_s/t_m的变化曲线

Figure 4. Variation curves of switching loss component with respect to τ_s/t_m

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 仿真三维模型及输入输出端口

Figure 5. The simulation 3D model and the input/output port

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 匝数对输出波形及电压效率的影响

Figure 6. Effect of the number of turns on output waveform and voltage efficiency

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 n=3时的输出电压及主动层/被动层电压曲线

Figure 7. Output voltage and active/passive voltage curves (n=3)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同介质/金属厚度下的输出波形

Figure 8. Output waveform under different media/metal thickness

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同平均直径D下的输出波形及效率与D/n关系图

Figure 9. Output waveform under different average diameters D and efficiency under different D/n

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同相对磁导率下的输出波形及效率-μ_r关系图

Figure 10. Output waveform and voltage efficiency-μ_r under different relative permeability

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 μ_r=50的输出波形以及主动层/被动层电压曲线

Figure 11. Output waveform of μ_r = 50 and voltage curve of active/passive layer

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 开关置于中间示意图及两种情况波形对比图

Figure 12. Intermediate schematic diagram of switch and contrast diagram of waveforms in two cases

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 开关置于中间位置的电压波传输

Figure 13. Voltage wave transmission in the middle location of the switch

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 开关闭合后的能量转换示意图

Figure 14. schematic diagram of energy conversion after switch closure (AL: active layer, PL: passive layer)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 匝数对输出电压峰值及效率的影响

Table 1. Effect of the number of turns on peak output voltage and efficiency

turns n U_out-max/kV voltage efficiency/%

3 216 72

4 240 60

5 274 54.8

6 304 50.6

7 334 47.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 介质厚度对输出电压峰值及效率的影响

Table 2. Effect of dielectric thickness on peak output voltage and efficiency

media thickness d_x U_o-max/kV voltage efficiency/%

0.5 262 87.2

1.0 215 71.6

2.0 161 53.7

3.0 143 47.4

5.0 133 44.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 开关置于中间及端侧输出电压及效率

Table 3. Output voltage and efficiency of switches placed in the middle and end side

switch location U_o-max/kV voltage efficiency/%

end side 262 87.2

middle 279 93.0

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(24)

[1]	邱孟通, 呼义翔, 吴伟, 等. 西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射模拟装置近年发展综述[J]. 现代应用物理, 2024, 15: 030101 Qiu Mengtong, Hu Yixiang, Wu Wei, et al. Review of the development of intense pulsed radiation simulator and its technology in northwest institute of nuclear technology in the past decade[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2024, 15: 030101
[2]	Fitch R A, Howell V T S. Novel principle of transient high-voltage generation[J]. The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1964, 111(4): 849-855. doi: 10.1049/piee.1964.0139
[3]	Ramrus A, Rose F. High-voltage spiral generator[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Pulsed Power Conference and IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. 2013: 1976-2013.
[4]	Rose M F, Shotts Z, Roberts Z. High efficiency compact high voltage vector inversion generator[C]//Proceedings of 2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. 2005: 1207-1210.
[5]	Shotts Z, Roberts Z, Rose M F. Design principles for vector inversion generators[C]//Proceedings of 2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. 2007: 556-559.
[6]	Miller R. Invention and proof of principle testing of a novel geometry vector inversion generator[C]//Proceedings of 2023 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. 2023: 1-4.
[7]	Pal’chikov E I, Dolgikh A V, Klypin V V, et al. Pulse X-ray device based on a combined spiral generator[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2019, 60(3): 586-591.
[8]	Yan J, Parker S, Gheorghiu T, et al. Miniature solid-state switched spiral generator for the cost effective, programmable triggering of large scale pulsed power accelerators[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2021, 24: 030401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.030401
[9]	Yan J Q, Parker S, Bland S. An investigation into high-voltage spiral generators utilizing thyristor input switches[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(9): 10005-10019. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2021.3063499
[10]	Maurer S K. Method and system for ultra-wideband electromagnetic source: WO/2023/018672[P]. 2023-02-16.
[11]	Pouraimis P G, Platis A P, Koutsoubis J M, et al. A compact high-voltage, nanosecond pulse generator for triggering applications[C]//Proceedings of 2022 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application. 2018: 1-4.
[12]	Brau C A, Raybun J L, Dodge J B, et al. Simple, pulsed, electron beam gun[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1977, 48(9): 1154-1160. doi: 10.1063/1.1135208
[13]	孙晶晶, 杨双, 孙艺杰, 等. 一种改进型螺旋发生器研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2023, 35: 105001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202335.230088 Sun Jingjing, Yang Shuang, Sun Yijie, et al. Research on an improved spiral generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2023, 35: 105001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202335.230088
[14]	Sun Jingjing, Yu Ruixin, Yang Shuang, et al. A compact solid-state high repetition rate trigger based on a spiral generator[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2024, 95: 104709. doi: 10.1063/5.0226994
[15]	Zhao Zheng, Gao Qiuyu, Wen Jiahao, et al. An efficiency improvement method for high-voltage nanosecond pulse spiral generator based on optimized voltage wave propagation process[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2025, 96: 014702. doi: 10.1063/5.0234586
[16]	杨凌云, 王毓华, 张奇. 产生毫微秒脉冲高压的螺旋形带状线发生器的研究[J]. 电子科学学刊, 1984, 6(4): 317-325 Yang Lingyun, Wang Yuhua, Zhang Qi. Research on spiral strip line generator for obtaining millimicrosecond pulsed high voltage[J]. Journal of Electronics, 1984, 6(4): 317-325
[17]	解笑湘, 汪汝清, 沙国河, 等. 小型毫微秒电子束发生器[J]. 激光, 1982, 9(1): 12-16 Xie Xiaoxiang, Wang Ruqing, Sha Guohe, et al. A miniature nanosecond e-beam generator[J]. Laser, 1982, 9(1): 12-16
[18]	郭明安, 李斌康, 孙凤荣. 便携式ns级脉冲功率高压源的设计与实现[J]. 高电压技术, 2004, 30(2): 48-50 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2004.02.019 Guo Ming’an, Li Binkang, Sun Fengrong. The design and implementation of portable nanosecond pulsed high voltage power[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2004, 30(2): 48-50 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2004.02.019
[19]	Rühl F, Herziger G. Analysis of the spiral generator[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1980, 51(11): 1541-1547. doi: 10.1063/1.1136120
[20]	Lehr J, Ron P. Foundations of pulsed power technology[M]. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2017.
[21]	程亮, 张永民, 姚伟博, 等. 螺旋线型倍压器传输线损耗参数[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2011, 23(2): 555-558 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20112302.0555 Cheng Liang, Zhang Yongmin, Yao Weibo, et al. Loss parameters of spiral generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2011, 23(2): 555-558 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20112302.0555
[22]	Shotts Z, Roberts Z, Rose M F. Limits and failure modes in high voltage vector inversion generators[C]//Proceedings of 2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. 2009: 902-907.
[23]	赵亮. 从逻辑增长模型认识铁磁质的磁化现象[J]. 现代应用物理, 2024, 15: 061201 doi: 10.12061/j.issn.2095-6223.202408002 Zhao Liang. Understanding the magnetization phenomenon of ferromagnetics based on logistic growth model[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2024, 15: 061201 doi: 10.12061/j.issn.2095-6223.202408002
[24]	江进波, 翟戎骁, 曹宇, 等. 基于铁氧体传输线的百纳秒脉冲前沿陡化技术研究[J]. 现代应用物理, 2024, 15: 010407 (Jiang Jinbo, Zhai Rongxiao, Cao Yu, et al. Sharpening technology of hundred nanosecond pulse rise time based on ferrite transmission line[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2024, 15: 010407 doi: 10.12061/j.issn.2095-6223.2024.010407 Jiang Jinbo, Zhai Rongxiao, Cao Yu, et al. Sharpening technology of hundred nanosecond pulse rise time based on ferrite transmission line[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2024, 15: 010407 doi: 10.12061/j.issn.2095-6223.2024.010407