Development of a 20 GW compact lightweight Tesla-transformer pulsed power driver
-
摘要: 随着高功率微波应用技术的快速发展，对脉冲驱动源的可靠性和适装性提出更加严苛的要求。介绍了一种轻小型化特斯拉（Tesla）变压器脉冲驱动源，提出基于高储能密度液体介质Midel7131和二倍宽脉冲形成线设计方法，突破了内置Tesla变压器的脉冲形成线轻小型化技术，优化短脉冲传输线电长度和阻抗匹配关系，解决了基于变压器油介质的单筒脉冲形成线和脉冲传输线长度长的技术难题。设计了Tesla变压器高位高真空注油方法，解决了油纸混合绝缘中气泡放电问题，提升了形成线功率水平和运行可靠性。研制的脉冲驱动源最高输出功率为20 GW、脉冲宽度50 ns、脉冲平顶幅值波动小于2%、最高重复频率50 Hz，连续运行1 min，累积工作约20万个脉冲，系统稳定可靠。该脉冲驱动源外廓尺寸（长×宽×高）为4 m×1.5 m×1.5 m，总重量约5 t；相比原20 GW Tesla型脉冲驱动源，轻小型化水平明显提升。Abstract:
Background The rapid development of high-power microwave application technology presents significant challenges for the reliability and installability of pulsed power drivers.Purpose The design methodology of a compact, lightweight Tesla-type pulsed power driver based on high-energy-density liquid dielectric Midel7131 and a dual-width pulse-forming line (PFL) is introduced.Methods There was a key breakthrough in the miniaturization of the integrated Tesla transformer and PFL assembly. Through optimization of the electrical length of the short pulse transmission line and its impedance matching characteristics, longstanding challenges associated with conventional single-cylinder PFLs and extended transmission lines using transformer oil dielectrics have been effectively resolved. A high-elevation, high-vacuum oil impregnation technique was developed for the Tesla transformer, successfully mitigating partial discharge in oil-paper insulation systems and thereby enhancing the power rating and operational reliability of the PFL.Results The developed pulsed power driver delivers a peak output power of 20 GW, a pulse duration of 50 ns, a pulse flat-top fluctuation of less than 2%, and a maximum repetition rate of 50 Hz. The system has demonstrated stable operation over continuous one-minute durations, accumulating approximately 200 000 pulses with consistent performance. The driver’s overall dimensions are 4.0 m(L)×1.5 m (W)×1.5 m (H), with a total mass of approximately 5 metric tons.Conclusions Compared to the conventional 20 GW Tesla-type pulsed power generator, this driver has achieved significant improvements in power density and miniaturization. -
图 3 两种变压器原边结构示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagrams of two primary types of Tesla Transformer
图 4 高位高真空注油工艺图
Figure 4. Diagram of oil impregnation process with high-position and high-vacuum
图 5 绝缘支撑板表面刻槽结构示意图
Figure 5. Schematic of the surface groove structure on an insulating support plate
图 7 形成线绝缘支撑板气侧表面电场变化曲线
Figure 7. Electric field distribution on the gas-side surface of PFL's insulation
图 8 二极管绝缘子真空侧表面电场变化曲线
Figure 8. Electric field distribution on the vacuum-side surface of diode insulator
图 10 20 GW Tesla型脉冲驱动源实物图
Figure 10. Image of the 20 GW Tesla-type pulsed power driver
图 11 初级电容和形成线电压单次波形
Figure 11. Single waveforms of the PFL voltage and primary voltage
图 12 水负载电压和电流波形
Figure 12. Single waveforms of output voltage and output current of water load
图 13 初级电容和形成线电压累积波形
Figure 13. Envelop waveforms of the PFL voltage and primary voltage
图 14 水负载电压和电流累积波形
Figure 14. Envelop waveforms of output voltage and output current of water load
表 1 脉冲驱动源主要电气参数
Table 1. Key electrical parameters of the pulsed power driver
primary
capacitance/mFsecondary
capacitance/pFdetuning
coefficientcoupling
coefficientvoltage
ratioprimary operating
voltage/Vsecondary peak
voltage/kVworking electric
field/(kV/cm)peak charging
time/μs9 595 1.1 0.87 3154 650 2050 100 70 pulse
width/nsrepetition
rate/Hzmaximum magnetic
induction
intensity/Tprimary
peak
current/kApower of
source/kWworking
voltage/kVimpedance of
load/Ωpower of
load/GWenergy
transfer
efficiency/%50 50 1.3 60 100 1950 42 20 65 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 脉冲驱动源主要结构参数
Table 2. Key structural parameters of the pulsed power driver
length of
PFL/cmouter cylinder
Dout of PFL/cmmagnetic core
length/cmmedium cylinder
Dmin/cminner cylinder
Din/cmlength of the
primary coil/cmmagnetic core
area/cm2200 110 150 610 310 100 300 primary coil
turnssecondary coil
turnsswitch
spacing/cmpressure of
Switch/MPaouter cylinder
Dout of TL/cmpressure of separate
cavity/MPatotal
length/cm1 1850 13 1.5 60 0.5 400
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 Tesla型脉冲驱动源性能对比
Table 3. Performance comparison of Tesla-type pulsed power drivers
name power/GW PFL impedance/Ω pulse width/ns repetition rate/Hz working time/s weight/t organization SINUS-7 22 40 50 100 ＞1 10 RUSSIA 20GW 20 25 40 100 ＞1 / CAEP HEART-50 25 10 90 5 ～1 ～3 NUDT HEART-20 20 10 80 5 ＞1 ～0.5 NUDT TPG1000 20 40 40 100 ＞2 / NINT TPG1000C 15 42 50 50 60 5 NINT TPG1000Cs 20 42 50 50 60 5 NINT
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Zhang Jun, Jin Zhenxing, Yang Jianhua, et al. Recent advance in long-pulse HPM sources with repetitive operation in S-, C-, and X-bands[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2011, 39(6): 1438-1445. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2011.2129536 [2] 肖仁珍. 相对论返波管研究进展[C]//第七届全国脉冲功率会议论文集. 2021Xiao Renzhen. Research progress of a relativistic backward wave oscillator[C]//7th Pulsed Power Conference. 2021 [3] 刘锡三. 高功率脉冲技术[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2005Liu Xisan. High pulsed power technology[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2005 [4] Bluhm H. 脉冲功率系统的原理与应用[M]. 江伟华, 张弛, 译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2008: 75-149Bluhm H. Pulsed power systems: principles and applications[M]. Jiang Weihua, Zhang Chi, trans. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2008: 75-149 [5] Mueller G, Bluhm H J, Heinzel A, et al. Status and recent progress in pulsed power applications at KIT[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference Record of Power Modulator Symposium. 2002. [6] 邵涛, 章程, 王瑞雪, 等. 大气压脉冲气体放电与等离子体应用[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(3): 685-705Shao Tao, Zhang Cheng, Wang Ruixue, et al. Atmospheric-pressure pulsed gas discharge and pulsed plasma application[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(3): 685-705 [7] Mesyats G A, Korovin S D, Gunin A V, et al. Repetitively pulsed high-current accelerators with transformer charging of forming lines[J]. Laser and Particle Beams, 2003, 21(2): 197-209. doi: 10.1017/S0263034603212076 [8] 李名加, 康强, 常安碧, 等. 紧凑型重复频率高压脉冲变压器研制[J]. 高电压技术, 2009, 35(2): 340-343Li Mingjia, Kang Qiang, Chang Anbi, et al. Development of a compact repetitive high-voltage pulse transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2009, 35(2): 340-343 [9] 彭建昌, 苏建仓, 宋晓欣, 等. 40GW重复频率脉冲驱动源研制进展[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2010, 22(4): 712-716 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20102204.0712Peng Jianchang, Su Jiancang, Song Xiaoxin, et al. Progress on a 40 GW repetitive pulsed accelerator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2010, 22(4): 712-716 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20102204.0712 [10] 彭建昌, 苏建仓, 张喜波, 等. 20GW/100Hz脉冲功率源研制[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2011, 23(11): 2919-2924 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20112311.2919Peng Jianchang, Su Jiancang, Zhang Xibo, et al. Development of 20 GW/100Hz repetitive pulsed accelerator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2011, 23(11): 2919-2924 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20112311.2919 [11] 李嵩, 杨汉武, 樊玉伟, 等. HEART-50重复频率高功率脉冲驱动源研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2022, 34: 095014Li Song, Yang Hanwu, Fan Yuwei, et al. High power repetitive rate pulse generator HEART-50[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2022, 34: 095014 [12] Li Song, Gao Jingming, Sack M, et al. Study on a solid-state pulse generator based on magnetic switch for food treatments by pulsed electric field (PEF)[C]//Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food & Environmental Technologies. 2015: 55-59. [13] Yang Hanwu, Zhang Zicheng, Gao Jingming, et al. A repetitive low impedance high power microwave driver[J]. Electronics, 2022, 11: 784. doi: 10.3390/electronics11050784 [14] 张喜波, 苏建仓, 潘亚峰, 等. 倍宽脉冲形成线[C]//第四届全国脉冲功率会议论文集. 2015: 334-339Zhang Xibo, Su Jiancang, Pan Yafeng, et al. Muti-width pulse-forming line[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Pulsed Power Conference. 2015: 334-339 [15] Wang Gang, Liu Sheng, Zeng Bo, et al. 15-GW repetitive pulsed power generator based on Midel 7131 and double-width pulse forming line[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2024, 95: 114702. doi: 10.1063/5.0202377 [16] 刘胜. Tesla型驱动源小型化关键技术研究[D]. 西安: 西北核技术研究所, 2017Liu Sheng. Research on key technologies for miniaturization of Tesla-type drive sources[D]. Xi’an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, 2017 [17] Liu Sheng, Su Jiancang, Zhang Xibo, et al. A Tesla-type long-pulse generator with wide flat-top width based on a double-width pulse-forming ling[J]. Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 36(1): 115-120. doi: 10.1017/S0263034618000034 [18] Liu Sheng, Su Jiancang, Fan Xuliang. Note: a high-energy-density Tesla-type pulse generator with novel insulating oil[J]. The Review of Scientific Instruments, 2017, 88: 096101. doi: 10.1063/1.5000738 [19] Korovin S D, Rostov V V. High - current nanosecond pulse-periodic electron accelerators utilizing a tesla transformer[J]. Russian Physics Journal, 1996, 39(12): 1177-1185. doi: 10.1007/BF02436160 [20] 苏建仓, 彭建昌, 朱晓欣, 等. 高耦合系数Tesla变压器特性分析[J]. 现代应用物理, 2010, 1(2): 165-170Su Jiancang, Peng Jianchang, Zhu Xiaoxin, et al. Characteristic analysis of high-coupling coefficient Tesla transformer[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2010, 1(2): 165-170 [21] 罗敏, 常安碧, 赵殿林, 等. MV级重复频率三电极气体开关的优化研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2006, 18(2): 269-272Luo Min, Chang Anbi, Zhao Dianlin, et al. Optimization of MV-class repetitive trigatron switch[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2006, 18(2): 269-272 [22] 宋法伦, 张永辉, 向飞, 等. 强流束二极管绝缘子结构设计与实验研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2009, 21(4): 617-620Song Falun, Zhang Yonghui, Xiang Fei, et al. Structure design and experimental study of intense beam diode insulator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2009, 21(4): 617-620 [23] 王刚, 张喜波, 王俊杰, 等. 基于Tesla变压器和Blumlein线的低抖动重频脉冲发生器[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2016, 28: 045005Wang Gang, Zhang Xibo, Wang Junjie, et al. Low-jitter repetitive pulsed generator based on Tesla transformer and Blumlein pulse forming line[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2016, 28: 045005 [24] 王刚, 张喜波, 刘胜, 等. 一种百千伏多级电晕稳定开关[J]. 现代应用物理, 2019, 10: 030402Wang Gang, Zhang Xibo, Liu Sheng, et al. A 100kV multi-stage corona-stabilized switch[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2019, 10: 030402 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 17
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
