Controlling laser-plasma high harmonics and attosecond pulses with structured light
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摘要: 相对论强度激光驱动固体密度表面等离子体产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲，是实现高亮度、短波长、超快相干光源和探索极端强场物理的重要途径。近年来，得益于激光技术的飞速发展，对光场振幅、相位、偏振等自由度的精细操控促使了结构光场的兴起。结构光场极大地丰富了激光与物质相互作用的调控手段与应用场景。综述了利用结构光场调控相对论激光等离子体高次谐波和阿秒脉冲相关的最新进展。文章重点探讨了偏振结构（如圆偏振光、矢量光）、相位结构（如空间涡旋光、时空涡旋光）及振幅结构（如贝塞尔光、艾里光）等新型结构光场驱动下高次谐波的特性调控与物理机制，旨在为基于强场激光与等离子体相互作用的新型光源研究提供新思路。Abstract: High harmonic generation (HHG) and attosecond pulses driven by relativistically intense lasers interacting with solid-density plasma mirrors constitute a vital pathway for realizing high-brightness, short-wavelength, ultrafast coherent light sources and exploring extreme strong-field physics. In recent years, benefiting from the rapid development of laser technology, the precise control over light field degrees of freedom, such as amplitude, phase, and polarization, has spurred the emergence of structured light fields. Structured light fields significantly enrich the methods for controlling laser-matter interaction and broaden its scope of applications. This article aims to review the latest progress in controlling relativistic laser-plasma HHG and attosecond pulses using structured light fields. The work specifically discusses methods for characteristic control and the physical mechanisms of HHG driven by novel structured light fields, including polarization structures (e.g., circularly polarized light, vector beams), phase structures (e.g., spatial vortex beams, spatiotemporal vortex beams), and amplitude structures (e.g., Bessel beams, Airy beams), with the goal of providing new perspectives for research on novel light sources based on strong-field laser-plasma interactions.
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图 2 相对论激光等离子体振荡镜产生高次谐波矢量光[42]
Figure 2. High harmonic vector beams generated from relativistic laser plasma mirrors[42]
(a)-(c): the intensity and polarization distribution of high harmonics driven by radially polarized laser; (d)-(f): the intensity and polarization distribution of high harmonics driven by azimuthally polarized lasers; (g)-(i): the intensity and polarization distribution of high harmonics driven by spirally polarized lasers
图 4 相对论激光等离子体振荡镜产生时空涡旋高次谐波[64]
Figure 4. Spatiotemporal vortex high harmonic generation from relativistic laser driven plasma mirrors[64]
(a): two-dimensional spectra of the spatiotemporal vortex high harmonics; (b)-(d): electric field distribution of the first, third, and fifth harmonic; (e)-(g): transverse orbital angular momentum density and momentum flux corresponding to (b)-(d), respectively
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