Research progress of spatiotemporal mode-locked laser based on multimode fiber
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摘要:
介绍了时空锁模的基本原理和时空锁模的理论模型−吸引子解剖。从空间结构和全光纤结构两方面介绍了近年来国内外在时空锁模光纤激光器方面的研究进展，包括激光腔型的改进、输出性能的提升和实时动力学的观测等。最后分析了目前时空锁模激光器的优势和不足，并对其发展方向进行了展望：时空锁模激光器在产生高功率超短脉冲方面有着巨大的优势，但输出光斑质量差在一定程度上限制了它的实际应用；利用时空自相似演化、波前整形等技术提升光束质量将是未来时空锁模激光器的发展方向。
Abstract:This paper introduces the basic principle of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) and the theoretical model of STML—attractor dissection. It presents the recent research progress about STML fiber laser from two aspects of spatial optical structures and all-fiber structures, including the improvement of laser cavity type, the enhancement of output performance, and the observation of real-time dynamics, etc. The advantage and insufficiency of the current STML laser are analyzed, and the development direction is forecasted: STML laser possesses great potential in generating high-power and ultrashort pulse, but to some extent, the poor quality of output modes hinders its application; improving the beam quality by self-similar evolution, wavefront shaping, etc. will be the direction to develop STML laser in the future.
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图 4 基于空间光路NPR的时空锁模光纤激光器的实验装置
Figure 4. Experimental setup for STML fiber lasers based on spatial optical structures of NPR
表 1 空间结构时空锁模光纤激光器研究进展
Table 1. Research progress of STML fiber lasers with spatial structures
year research
groupgain fiber, core/cladding
diameter/μmGIMF, core/cladding
diameter/μmoutput
wavelength/nmpulse
durationpulse
energy/nJreference 2017 Cornell University Yb-doped
10/12550/125 1030 150 fs 5～40 [33] 2018 Tsinghua University Yb-doped
10/12550/125 1030 4.15 ps 4.1 [41] 2019 Tsinghua University Yb-doped
10/12550/125 1030 2.4 ps 1.5 [42] 2021 Tsinghua University Yb-doped
20/12550/125 1030 − − [43] 2021 Tsinghua University Yb-doped
20/12550/125 1030 5 ns 1.0～2.6 [46] 2021 Tsinghua University Yb-doped
20/12550/125 1030 1.88 ns 3.08 [49] 2021 South China University
of TechnologyYb-doped
20/12550/125 1030 − − [45] 2019 Polytechnique Fédérale
de LausanneYb-doped
10/12550/125 1030 2.3 ps 2.4 [50] 2020 Polytechnique Fédérale
de LausanneYb-doped
10/12550/125 1030 ＜100 fs 24 [51] 2020 California Institute
of TechnologyYb-doped
25/25062.5/250 1060 − − [52] 2022 Xiamen University Pr/Yb-doped
ZBLAN
5/25− 635 9 ps 4 [53] 
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表 2 全光纤时空锁模光纤激光器研究进展
Table 2. Research progress of all-fiber STML fiber lasers
year research
groupgain fiber, core/cladding
diameter/μmPulse
durationpulse
energy/nJmode-locked
typeMMI
typereference 2020 Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Yb-doped
10/1256.24 ps 0.5 NPE F-M-F [55] 2020 South China Normal University Yb-doped
10/1254.29 ps − SESAM M-F-M [57] 2021 South China Normal University Yb-doped
10/1255.26 ps − SESAM M-F-M [58] 2021 South China Normal University Er-doped
20/12516.14 ps − SESAM M-F-M [59] 2021 South China Normal University Yb-doped
10/1254.81 ps 0.195 NALM NALM [60] 2022 South China Normal University Er-doped
20/125970 fs − NALM A-P [61] 2022 Changchun University of Science
and TechnologyYb-doped
10/1255.65 ps 6 NPR F-M-F [62] 2022 Beijing Jiaotong University Yb-doped
10/12520.1 ps 8 NPR F-M-F [63] 2022 China Jiliang University Er-doped
7/125630.5 fs 0.65 S-M-S S-M-S [64] 2021 University of Science and
Technology of ChinaYb-doped
10/12533.28 ps 11.67 NPR M-F-M [66]
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