Trapezoidal double ridge waveguide slow wave structure for 340 GHz backward wave oscillator
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摘要: 为进一步提高返波管的耦合阻抗和输出功率，提出了一种梯形双脊波导慢波结构。与正弦双脊波导和平顶型正弦双脊波导相比，在归一化相速度基本一致时，梯形双脊波导的电子注通道中心轴线耦合阻抗和截面平均耦合阻抗都得到了显著提升。仿真结果显示，在320～360 GHz频带范围内，其平均耦合阻抗较正弦双脊波导提升78.33%～86.97%，较平顶型正弦双脊波导提升至少46.65%。在相同工作条件及频带范围内，梯形双脊波导返波管在340 GHz频段的输出功率为5.55～8.03 W，比正弦双脊波导返波管提升26.97%～73.44%，比平顶型正弦双脊波导返波管提升33.65%～52.47%。此时三种返波管均为最佳管长，梯形双脊波导返波管可比另两种结构缩短至少16.5%。Abstract: A trapezoidal double ridge waveguide slow wave structure has been proposed to further enhance the interaction impedance and output power of backward wave oscillators. Compared to conventional sine double ridge waveguide and flat-roofed sine double ridge waveguide, significant improvements in both the axial interaction impedance at the center of the electron beam channel and the average interaction impedance across the cross-section are observed, while maintaining a similar normalized phase velocity. Simulation results indicate that within the frequency range of 320～360 GHz, the average interaction impedance of the trapezoidal double ridge waveguide is increased by 78.33% to 86.97% compared to the sine double ridge waveguide, and by at least 46.65% compared to the flat-roofed sine double ridge waveguide. Under the same operating conditions and frequency range, the output power of the trapezoidal double ridge waveguide backward wave oscillator in the 340 GHz band is measured to be 5.55～8.03 W, representing an increase of 26.97% to 73.44% compared to the sine double ridge waveguide and an enhancement of 33.65% to 52.47% over the flat-roofed sine double ridge waveguide. At this point, all three types of backward wave oscillators are optimized for tube length, with the trapezoidal double ridge waveguide backward wave oscillator being at least 16.5% shorter than the other two structures.
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图 4 三种慢波结构的单周期电场分布
Figure 4. Electric field distribution of single period for three slow wave structures
图 5 梯形双脊波导上底宽度w对高频特性的影响
Figure 5. Impact of width of trapezoidal upper base w of TRWG on high-frequency characteristics
图 6 三种结构的色散特性和耦合阻抗对比
Figure 6. Comparison of dispersion and interaction impedance of the three structures
图 10 三种返波管的输出功率随工作频率变化图
Figure 10. Output power versus frequency of three backward wave oscillators
表 1 梯形双脊波导尺寸参数
Table 1. Parameters of TRWG
parameter value/mm width of TRWG a 0.80 height of TRWG b 0.36 width of ridge Rw 0.20 width of trapezoidal upper base w 0.05 height of trapezoid h 0.09 period length p 0.16 radius of circle beam channel r 0.08 height of sheet beam channel hb 0 
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