A waveform recovery algorithm for transient intense electromagnetic pulse measurement in complex environments
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摘要: 针对瞬态强电磁脉冲远场测量中因地面反射波叠加引起波形畸变的问题，设计了一种基于单极子阵列抑制地面散射的波形复原算法。分别从频域和时域推导基于单极子阵列测量波形提取直达波的原理，分析了计算结果中趋势项及其周期性振荡的原因，对比了不同算法的优缺点，以及不同场景下择优选择算法的依据。为验证算法有效性，在存在地面反射条件下构建了测量系统并开展了实验测试，结果表明，在时域天线不同主轴距离的电场测量中，波形复原算法提取的直达波均与参考直达波一致，幅度误差在0.2 dB以内，二者主波形保真系数大于0.99。测量结果验证该波形复原算法可有效抑制复杂环境中地面散射影响，能够准确实现对直达波波形提取，为该类场景下时域辐射系统参数分离和测量提供有效的方法支撑。Abstract:
Background Transient intense electromagnetic pulses, characterized by extremely high peak field strength and broad frequency domain distribution, pose severe electromagnetic safety threats to electronic systems. Their accurate measurement is crucial for evaluating radiation source performance and the effectiveness of protection measures. However, ground-reflected waves often cause significant waveform distortion in far-field measurements. Existing narrow-spectrum suppression methods fail due to bandwidth limitations, while environmental adjustment approaches are impractical in complex scenarios, and traditional array beamforming techniques are restricted by signal correlation requirements.Purpose To address the waveform distortion caused by ground-reflected waves in far-field measurements of transient intense electromagnetic pulses, this study proposes a monopole array-based waveform recovery algorithm. It aims to eliminate ground scattering interference and accurately extract direct waves, providing support for related measurements and evaluations.Methods The principle of direct wave extraction based on monopole array was derived in both frequency and time domains. Potential error sources and corresponding optimization schemes were analyzed. A measurement system was built under ground reflection conditions for experimental tests, and the performance of different algorithms was compared.Results Experimental results show that the direct waves extracted by the proposed algorithm match the reference direct waves well, with amplitude error within 0.2 dB and main waveform fidelity coefficient greater than 0.99. The time-domain algorithm is more concise and less affected by interference, while the frequency-domain algorithm enables direct wave recovery with a single system, making it more cost-effective. Compared with traditional technologies, the algorithm expands the applicable frequency band and significantly reduces amplitude calculation error.Conclusions The proposed waveform recovery algorithm can effectively suppress ground scattering effects and accurately extract direct waves. It provides reliable support for parameter separation in transient pulse measurements and state evaluation of radiation systems. -
图 4 不同算法计算结果对比图
Figure 4. Comparison chart of calculation results using different algorithms
表 1 不同算法计算结果对比表
Table 1. Comparison table of calculation results using different algorithms
algorithm measurement position/m fidelity coefficient amplitude error/dB frequency domain algorithm 20 0.9945 0.095 time domain algorithm 20 0.9953 0.112 frequency domain algorithm 30 0.9921 0.164 time domain algorithm 30 0.9947 0.138 
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