Surface flashover characteristics of solid insulating materials in deionized water under nanosecond pulses
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摘要: 作为高功率脉冲装置中脉冲形成线或传输线（PFL/PTL）的常用绝缘介质，去离子水具有高介电常数、高击穿强度、良好自愈性以及低成本等优势，然而其中用于支撑内筒及实现前后端不同绝缘介质物理隔离的固体绝缘隔板往往是PFL/PTL绝缘的薄弱环节。为了评估典型固体绝缘材料在去离子水中的高压绝缘性能，利用工作电压最高约900 kV、脉冲上升时间约100 ns的高压绝缘实验平台，对MC尼龙、有机玻璃、交联聚苯乙烯以及高密度聚乙烯等四种典型固体绝缘材料在去离子水中的沿面闪络特性进行了研究。实验采用圆形平板电极和圆柱形样品，获得了样品材料、厚度、电压作用时间以及表面粗糙度等因素对闪络电压和场强的影响。当样品厚度从0.5 cm增加至2 cm时，闪络电压线性增加，闪络场强指数减小；不同材料的闪络电压和场强排序为：MC尼龙≥有机玻璃＞交联聚苯乙烯＞高密度聚乙烯；随着电压作用时间缩短，闪络电压逐渐增加，电压作用时间在100 ns以内时，闪络电压基本保持稳定；当固体材料表面粗糙度从1.6 μm增加至12.5 μm时，闪络场强无明显变化。综合考虑闪络场强数据和抗冲击能力特性等因素，认为MC尼龙的综合性能相对最佳。Abstract: Deionized water, commonly used as insulating dielectric in pulse-forming lines or transmission lines of high-power pulse devices, offers advantages such as a high dielectric constant, high breakdown strength, good self-healing properties, and low cost. However, the solid insulation barriers in deionized water, which support the inner cylinder and provide physical isolation between different dielectrics at the front and rear ends, are often the weak points in high-voltage insulation systems. To investigate the surface flashover characteristics of typical solid insulation materials in deionized water, this study utilized a high-voltage insulation experimental platform with a maximum operating voltage of approximately 900 kV and a pulse rise time of about 100 ns. The study focused on four common solid insulation materials: MC Nylon, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cross-linked polystyrene (CLPS), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Using circular plate electrodes and cylindrical samples, the experiments examined the effects of sample material, thickness, voltage duration and surface roughness on flashover voltage and electric field strength. Results show that as the sample thickness increases from 0.5 cm to 2 cm, the flashover voltage increases linearly, while the flashover field strength decreases exponentially. For different materials, the flashover voltage and field strength follow the order: MC Nylon ≥ PMMA > CLPS > HDPE. As the voltage application time shortens, the flashover voltage gradually increases. When the voltage application time is within 100 ns, the flashover voltage remains basically stable. Furthermore, when the surface roughness of the solid material increases from 1.6 μm to 12.5 μm, no significant change in flashover field strength is observed. Based on a comprehensive analysis of flashover field strength data and impact resistance characteristics, MC Nylon demonstrates the best overall.
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Key words:
- pulsed power technology /
- nanosecond pulses /
- surface flashover /
- liquid dielectric /
- deionized water
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图 2 已完成液体沿面闪络实验腔装配的负载区
Figure 2. The experimental chamber for liquid surface flashover in the load region
图 3 液体沿面闪络实验腔及电极组件
Figure 3. liquid surface flashover experimental chamber and electrode assembly
图 4 腔内电场仿真结构及有限元参数设置
Figure 4. Simulation structure and finite element parameter settings
图 7 自击穿模式与触发模式闪络电压波形对比
Figure 7. Comparison of flashover voltage waveforms between self-breakdown mode and trigger mode
图 8 闪络电压Uf和闪络场强Ef随样品厚度h的变化曲线
Figure 8. Curves of flashover voltage Uf and flashover field strength Ef vs sample thickness h
图 11 闪络电压波形（不同电压作用时间）
Figure 11. Flashover voltage waveform (different voltage application time)
图 12 闪络电压随电压作用时间变化曲线
Figure 12. Curve of flashover voltage vs voltage application time
图 14 闪络场强Uf随样品表面粗糙度Ra的变化曲线
Figure 14. Curve of flashover voltage Uf vs surface roughness Ra
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