Study on the dispersion characteristics of a five-fold helical corrugated waveguide
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摘要: 回旋行波管在毫米波雷达、通信、电子对抗、深空探测等方面有重要应用。对于大回旋状态下的电子注，只与
$ \mathit{s}=\mathit{m} $ 的模式相互作用，其中，s为谐波次数，m为模式的角向指标，利于模式竞争的抑制。为了研究螺纹起伏参数和螺纹周期的改变对于工作模式1曲线的影响，本文利用阻抗微绕法，通过波耦合方程，得到五折叠Q波段螺旋波纹波导的传输耦合方程，分析了五折叠Q波段螺旋波纹波导模式耦合规则，并给出其色散方程，对色散方程进行数值求解，得到五折叠Q波段螺旋波纹波导的色散曲线，通过分析色散特性可知，在波导中有3个本征模式，模式1和2、3基本完全分离，选取模式1为工作模式，在42～47 GHz的范围内和电子注模式可以在较宽的范围内相切，不仅极大地拓展了互作用带宽，还可抑制模式竞争。Abstract:Background Gyrotron traveling-wave tubes (gyro-TWTs) hold significant potential for applications in millimeter-wave radar, communications, electronic countermeasures, and deep-space exploration.Purpose This paper investigates the high-frequency interaction circuit of a gyro-TWT operating in the Q-band under third-harmonic conditions. With an operational magnetic field of approximately 0.6 T, achievable using conventional solenoid magnets, this design overcomes the limitations associated with superconducting magnets. Furthermore, the adoption of a large-orbit electron beam for interaction addresses the low efficiency inherent in small-orbit electron beams under high-harmonic operation. The interaction structure employs a five-fold helical corrugated waveguide, which not only enhances interaction bandwidth but also effectively suppresses mode competition.Methods The impedance perturbation method and coupled-wave equations are used.Results The transmission coupling characteristics of the five-fold Q-band helical waveguide have been derived.Conclusions The mode coupling mechanisms have been analyzed, and the dispersion equation has been formulated, yielding the dispersion curve of the waveguide. Analysis of the dispersion properties reveals the existence of three eigenmodes. Mode 1 is largely decoupled from Modes 2 and 3. Mode 1 has been selected as the operational mode, as it exhibits broad tangential interaction with the electron beam mode within the 42–47 GHz frequency range. This feature significantly extends the interaction bandwidth while simultaneously suppressing mode competition. -
图 1 五折叠螺旋波纹波导截面示意图及螺旋波纹波导边界示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the cross-section of a five-folded helical corrugated waveguide and schematic diagram of helical corrugated waveguide boundary
图 2 五折叠螺旋波纹波导高频结构示意图及场分布图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram and field distribution of high-frequency structure of five-folded helical corrugated waveguide
图 3 Q波段五折叠螺旋波纹波导色散曲线图
Figure 3. Dispersion diagram of Q-band helical corrugated waveguide gyratory traveling wave tube
图 4 Q波段五折叠螺旋波纹波导色散曲线图与电子注回旋模式图
Figure 4. Dispersion diagram of Q-band helical corrugated waveguide gyratory traveling wave tube and
表 1 螺旋波纹波导模式耦合结果
Table 1. Coupling results of helical corrugated waveguide modes
coupling results in waveguide TE21(m1=−2)
left-handed forward waveTE31(m2=3) right-handed forward wave TE31(m2=3) right-handed backward wave 
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