Comparison of insulation properties of several liquid dielectrics under nanosecond pulses
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摘要:
利用自行研制的纳秒脉冲实验平台（输出脉冲前沿30 ns，半宽百纳秒）和标准介电强度测试仪，对变压器油、甘油、去离子水、Galden HT200四种液体绝缘介质在直流与纳秒脉冲下的击穿特性进行了实验研究与结果比对，结果表明：在直流与纳秒脉冲下，Galden HT200均具有最高的击穿场强，且两种情况下均比变压器油高出40%以上；纳秒脉冲下，Galden HT200与变压器油的击穿场强均提高6.5～7倍，Galden HT200击穿过程耗时最短（ns量级），其次是变压器油（20 ns），然后依次为甘油（45 ns）和去离子水（70 ns）；多次放电后，粘度系数最大的甘油更易在电极间隙处聚集碳化放电产物，粘度系数较小的Galden HT200和去离子水则无明显痕迹，但二者放电过程会产生明显的冲击波，多次放电后易造成间隙电极松动。
Abstract:Based on the self-developed nanosecond pulsed test platform with output voltage of 30 ns risetime and 100 ns half width, and the standard dielectric strength DC tester, the breakdown characteristics of four liquid dielectrics (transformer oil, glycerol, deionized water and Galden HT200) under DC and nanosecond pulses were experimentally studied and compared. The following conclusions were obtained: (1)Under both DC and nanosecond pulse, Galden HT200 has the highest breakdown field strength which is more than 40% higher than that of the transformer oil. (2) Under the nanosecond pulse, the breakdown field strength of Galden HT200 and transformer oil both increased by 6.5-7 times than those under DC. And it took the shortest time(nanosecond scale) for Galden HT200 to breakdown, followed by the transformer oil(20 ns), then glycerol(45 ns) and deionized water(70 ns). (3) After multiple breakdowns, a lot of carbonized discharge products were accumulated at the electrode gap in the glycerol which has the largest viscosity coefficient. However, there are no obvious breakdown traces in the Galden HT200 and deionized water, which both have the smaller viscosity coefficient. But obvious shock waves were observed in the Galden HT200 and deionized water, which make the gap electrodes loose.
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图 2 平台典型输出电压波形和幅值
Figure 2. Typical waveform and amplitude of the output voltage of the test platform
图 4 四种液体介质纳秒脉冲击穿数据
Figure 4. Breakdown data of four liquid dielectrics under the nanosecond pulse
图 5 四种液体介质的击穿实验波形
Figure 5. The breakdown waveforms of four liquid dielectrics under the nanosecond pulse
图 7 50次持续击穿试验后油杯中绝缘介质的形态
Figure 7. Morphology of liquid dielectrics in standard oil cup after 50 times breakdown tests
表 1 四种液体介质直流实验击穿数据
Table 1. Breakdown data of four liquid dielectrics under DC
dielectric media relative permittivity breakdown votage/kV relative deviation/% breakdown field strength/(kV/mm) transformer oil 1.87 39.3±4.7 12 15.7 Galden HT200 1.83 55.7±6.8 12.2 22.3 glycerol 31 5.3±0.07 1.3 2.1 deionized water 80 5.2±0.02 0.4 2.08 
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表 2 四种液体介质纳秒脉冲实验击穿数据
Table 2. Breakdown data of four liquid dielectrics under the nanosecond pulse
dielectric media breakdown votage/kV relative deviation/% breakdown field strength/(kV/mm) transformer oil 262.7±13.34 5.07 105.1 Galden HT200 378.8±37.3 9.8 151.2 glycerol 186.3±6.98 3.75 74.5 deionized water 128.1±9.63 7.5 51.2
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表 3 几种液体介质在20 °C时的密度与粘度
Table 3. Density and viscosity of several liquid dielectrics at 20 °C
density/（g/cm2） viscosity/（m2/s） deionized water / Galden HT200 1 1.01×10−6 transformer oil 0.895 （5−10）×10−6 glycerol 1.25 （0.458−1.19）×10−3
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