Susceptibility of automotive engine speed sensor to transient electromagnetic pulse
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摘要: 为了研究瞬变脉冲下汽车发动机转速传感器的电磁敏感性，根据转速传感器功能与电磁效应现象提出了其电磁敏感度门限判定依据。以霍尔式转速传感器为研究对象，搭建转速测试平台，采用瞬变脉冲注入方式，分别测试了不同注入端口和不同脉冲重复频率条件下转速传感器的敏感度。试验结果表明：在瞬变脉冲干扰下，转速传感器性能降级具有随机性，失效概率符合正态分布累积分布函数；从电源线注入时传感器敏感度门限明显低于从信号线注入的情况，失效带宽也更窄；随着脉冲重复频率的增大，传感器的敏感度逐渐降低，最终趋于稳定。Abstract: In this work, we have performed investigation on the susceptibility of automotive engine speed sensor to electrical fast transient (EFT) pulse via injection method. The criterion for determining the susceptibility threshold was proposed on the basis of the function and electromagnetic effects of speed sensor. A Hall speed sensor was taken as the research object. Using our self-developed speed test device, EFT pulses were injected into the speed sensor through its power wire and signal wire, respectively, and the failure thresholds were correspondingly obtained. The failure of speed sensor shows random property under the interference of EFT pulse. And the failure rate conforms to the cumulative distribution function of normal distribution. When the EFT was injected into the sensor from its power wire instead of from the signal wire, the breakdown threshold was much lower and breakdown bandwidth was narrower. Moreover, the repetition frequency affected the susceptibility of speed sensor significantly. With the increase of repetition frequency, the susceptibility of speed sensor decreased, and eventually became stable.
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图 6 转速传感器信号受扰波形
Figure 6. Output signals of the speed sensor under electromagnetic interference
图 7 转速传感器基准位置信号受扰示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram illustrating the interference of reference signal
图 9 敏感度与脉冲重复频率的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between susceptibility and pulse repetition rate
表 1 单脉冲注入下转速传感器敏感度门限
Table 1. Susceptibility threshold of speed sensor under single EFT injection
No. test wire susceptibility threshold /kV 1 signal wire 2.9 2 power wire 2.4 
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