四轨电磁发射器的背场增强仿真分析

连仲谋; 冯刚; 童思远; 程军胜; 熊玲

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202032.200135

四轨电磁发射器的背场增强仿真分析

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200135

连仲谋^1,,
冯刚^1, ,,
童思远¹,
程军胜²,
熊玲²

1.
空军工程大学防空反导学院，西安 710051
2.
中国科学院电工研究所，北京 100190

基金项目: 国防基础科研计划项目（JCKY2018130C008）；国防科技基金项目（2201079）

详细信息

作者简介:
连仲谋（1996—），男，硕士研究生，从事电磁发射技术研究；lianzhongmou@mail.iee.ac.cn

通讯作者:
冯　刚（1976—），男，副教授，硕士生导师，从事电磁发射技术研究；daoyuanren@126.com

中图分类号: TJ866；TM359.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-19
- 修回日期: 2020-09-02
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-29

Simulation analysis of background field enhancement of four-rail electromagnetic launcher

1.
College of Air Defense and Anti-missile, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
2.
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

摘要

摘要: 针对四轨电磁发射器的背场增强方案的电感梯度进行了仿真分析。根据虚功原理，推导了背场下的四轨电磁发射器电感梯度公式。建立了三维背场仿真模型，分析了不同主、附轨道参数下电感梯度的变化规律。仿真结果表明：添加背场后，增大发射器口径、减小主附轨间距和附轨道截面积均能够实现系统电感梯度的提升；背场增强下，在主轨道高度达到口径的57%时，邻近效应已变得明显；相同附轨道截面积下，为增大系统电感梯度应优先减小附轨道厚度，为缓解电流邻近效应可优先减小附轨道高度；凹形截面附轨道能够明显改善电流邻近效应。
- 电磁发射 /
- 四轨发射器 /
- 背场增强 /
- 电感梯度 /
- 有限元仿真
Abstract: The inductance gradient of the background field enhancement scheme of the four-rail electromagnetic launcher is simulated. Based on the principle of virtual work, the formula of the inductance gradient of the four-rail launchers under the background field is derived. A three-dimensional background field simulation model is established to analyze the variation law of inductance gradient under different main and additional rail parameters. The simulation results show that the inductance gradient of the system can be improved by increasing the launcher caliber, reducing the distance between the main and additional rails and the cross-sectional area of the additional rails. With the enhancement of background field, the proximity effect becomes obvious when the height of main rail reaches 57% of the caliber. Under the same cross-sectional area, the thickness of the additional rails should be reduced to increase the inductance gradient of the system, and the height of the additional rails should be reduced to alleviate the proximity effect. Concave cross-section additional rail can obviously improve the current proximity effect.
- electromagnetic launching /
- four-rail launcher /
- background field enhancement /
- inductance gradient /
- finite element simulation

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图 1 背场下四轨电磁发射器的工作原理图

Figure 1. Working principle diagram of a four-rail electromagnetic launcher in the background field

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图 2 模型四分之一截面示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of model’s quarter section

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图 3 电流密度分布

Figure 3. Current density distribution

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图 4 不同主轨道间距下最大电流密度

Figure 4. Maximum current density at different main orbital spacing

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图 5 附轨道截面积对电感梯度和最大电流密度的影响

Figure 5. Influence of the cross-sectional area of the additional rail on the inductance gradient and maximum current density

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图 6 三种不同的附轨道截面形状

Figure 6. Three different additional rail section shapes

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图 7 不同分段方式下附轨道的四分之一截面示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of a quarter section of the additional rail under different segmental modes

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图 8 分段方式对电感梯度的影响

Figure 8. Effect of segmented mode on inductance gradient

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表 1 不同主轨道间距下电感梯度

Table 1. Inductance gradients under different main rail spacing

spacing/mm	prototype/（µH·m⁻¹）		background field/（µH·m⁻¹）
spacing/mm	Maxwell’s	COMSOL’s	Maxwell’s	COMSOL’s
25	0.72363	0.74873	1.28442	1.3455
30	0.87762	0.85420	1.60369	1.5579
35	1.0041	0.94764	1.90189	1.75
40	1.114346	1.03030	2.14893	1.925
45	1.221838	1.10470	2.37343	2.0821

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表 2 不同主附轨道间距下电感梯度

Table 2. Inductance gradients under different main and additional rail spacing

main and additional rail spacing/mm	Maxwell’s solution/（µH·m⁻¹）	COMSOL’s solution/（µH·m⁻¹）
2	1.5746	1.6911
4	1.47618	1.5831
6	1.39424	1.4913
8	1.32861	1.413
10	1.28442	1.3455

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表 3 不同附轨道厚度下电感梯度

Table 3. Inductance gradients under different additional rail thicknesses

additional rail thickness/mm	Maxwell’s solution/ （µH·m⁻¹）	COMSOL’s solution/ （µH·m⁻¹）	Maximum current density/ （10⁹A·m⁻²）
4	1.38708	1.4409	2.0946
6	1.34843	1.406	2.0935
8	1.32368	1.3746	2.0922
10	1.28442	1.3455	2.0286
12	1.25154	1.3199	2.0713

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表 4 不同附轨道高度下电感梯度

Table 4. Inductance gradients at different additional rail heights

additional rail altitude/（mm）	Maxwell’s solution/ （µH·m⁻¹）	COMSOL’s solution/ （µH·m⁻¹）	Maximum current density/ （10⁹A·m⁻²）
10	1.35489	1.3775	2.1054
15	1.30642	1.3641	2.0103
20	1.28442	1.3455	2.0286
25	1.27027	1.3249	1.9191
30	1.19722	1.2998	1.7920

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表 5 不同截面形状下电感梯度与电流密度

Table 5. Inductance gradient and current density under different section shapes

cross section shape	self inductance gradient/（µH·m⁻¹）	mutual inductance gradient/（µH·m⁻¹）	system inductance gradient/（µH·m⁻¹）	maximum current density/（10⁹A·m⁻²）
rectangular	2.13226	−0.42392	1.28442	2.0286
convex	2.12950	−0.32325	1.48300	1.9780
concave	2.27081	−0.45296	1.36489	1.8741

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