High-current three-electrode gas switch with high field distortion coefficient
-
摘要: 气体开关作为脉冲功率装置的关键部件，其自击穿概率以及触发放电延时抖动对整个脉冲功率系统具有至关重要的影响。降低开关工作系数有利于提高开关稳定性，但延时抖动会随之增大。针对用于磁驱动实验的10 MA级大电流装置应用需求，设计了一种具有较高场畸变系数、能在较低工作系数条件下稳定工作的三电极气体开关，并开展了该开关的性能研究。模拟与实验结果表明：在触发电压与充电电压相当的条件下，开关的场畸变系数接近4，开关工作系数高于60%时，开关具有较低的延时抖动，抖动均方根小于3 ns。结合该开关设计了一个两级Marx储能模块，充电电压±50 kV条件下短路放电，模块回路放电电流峰值达到150 kA、周期2 μs。上千次放电实验后，开关电极表面未发生明显烧蚀，工作正常。工作系数68.5%时，共计4 000发实验中未出现自放电现象，自击穿概率低于2.5×10−4。上述结果表明该开关可满足300～400只开关同时工作的大电流装置需求。Abstract: As a key component of pulse power device, the self-breakdown probability of gas switch and the jitter of trigger discharge delay have a crucial impact on the whole pulse power system. Reducing the working coefficient of the switch is beneficial to improve the stability of the switch, but the delay jitter will increase accordingly. Aiming at the application requirements of 10 MA level high-current devices used in magnetically driven experiments, a three-electrode gas switch with high field distortion coefficient and stable operation under low operating coefficient was designed and its performance was studied. The simulated and experimental results show that when the trigger voltage is equal to the charging voltage, the field distortion coefficient is close to 4, and when the switch operating coefficient is higher than 60%, the switch has low delay jitter with the root mean square of less than 3 ns. Combined with the proposed switch, a two-stage Marx energy storage module was designed. When discharged under the condition of charging voltage ±50 kV and short circuit, its peak discharge current can reach 150 kA with a period of 2 μs. After thousands of discharge experiments, no obvious ablation occurred on the surface of the switch electrodes, and it worked normally. When the working coefficient was 68.5%, there were no self-discharge phenomena in a total of 4 000 rounds, and the self-breakdown probability is lower than 2.5×10−4. The above results show that the switch can meet the needs of high current devices with 300-400 simultaneously working switches.
-
Key words:
- pulse power /
- gas switch /
- jitter /
- field distortion coefficient
-
图 2 电极间电场强度分布与触发极(椭圆端面)附近电场强度分布
Figure 2. Electrical field intensity distributions both between the electrodes and near the trigger pole (elliptical end face)
图 3 电极间电场强度分布与触发极(倒圆角端面)附近电场强度分布
Figure 3. Electrical field intensity distributions both between the electrodes and near the trigger electrode (fillet end face)
图 4 正负高压极电势不均匀时电场强度分布
Figure 4. Distribution of electrical field intensity when the electrical potential of positive and negative high voltage poles is not uniform
图 6 开关自击穿电压与充气气压的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between the self-breakdown voltage of the switch and the pneumatic pressure of switch
图 11 开关大电流考核实验平台及实验结果
Figure 11. Experimental platform and results of switching high-current assessment
表 1 不同工作系数条件下开关触发放电延时及抖动实验结果
Table 1. Experimental results of switch trigger discharge delay and jitter under different working coefficients
working coefficient/% experimental voltage/kV delayed average/ns delayed root mean square/ns 38.3 ±28 1275 131 43.2 ±31.5 1127 77.6 48.0 ±35 122 29.8 52.7 ±38.5 60 9.9 57.5 ±42 43 4.9 62.3 ±45.5 37 2.4 67.1 ±49 35 2.1 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 韩旻, 邹晓兵, 张贵新. 脉冲功率技术基础[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2010Han Min, Zou Xiaobing, Zhang Guixin. Technology of pulsed power[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2010 [2] 王莹. 脉冲功率科学与技术[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2010Wang Ying. Science and technology on pulsed power[M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2010 [3] 王桂吉, 罗斌强, 陈学秒, 等. 磁驱动平面准等熵加载装置、实验技术及应用研究新进展[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41:121403 doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0119Wang Guiji, Luo Binqiang, Chen Xuemiao, et al. Recent progress on the experimental facilities, techniques and applications of magnetically driven quasi-isentropic compression[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41: 121403 doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0119 [4] Sinars D B, Sweeney M A, Alexander C S, et al. Review of pulsed power-driven high energy density physics research on Z at Sandia[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2020, 27: 070501. doi: 10.1063/5.0007476 [5] Reisman D B, Stoltzfus B S, Stygar W A, et al. Pulsed power accelerator for material physics experiments[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2015, 18: 090401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.090401 [6] Waisman E M, Reisman D B, Stoltzfus B S, et al. Optimization of current waveform tailoring for magnetically driven isentropic compression experiments[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016, 87: 063906. doi: 10.1063/1.4954173 [7] Porwitzky A, Cochrane K R, Stoltzfus B. Determining the electrical conductivity of metals using the 2 MA Thor pulsed power driver[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2021, 92: 053551. doi: 10.1063/5.0037870 [8] Stygar W A, Reisman D B, Stoltzfus B S, et al. Conceptual design of a 1013-W pulsed-power accelerator for megajoule-class dynamic-material-physics experiments[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2016, 19: 070401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.19.070401 [9] Kim A, Frolov S, Alexeenko V, et al. Prefire probability of the switch type Fast LTD[C]//Proceedings of 2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. 2009: 565-570. [10] Woodworth J, Alexander J, Gruner F R, et al. Low-inductance gas switches for linear transformer drivers[J]. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 2009, 12: 060401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.12.060401 [11] Woodworth J R, Stygar W A, Bennett L F, et al. New low inductance gas switches for linear transformer drivers[J]. Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams, 2010, 13: 080401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.080401 [12] 翟戎骁, 罗维熙, 邱孟通, 等. 工作系数对直流耐压气体开关间隙中初始电子发展特性的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(3):826-831 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190226021Zhai Rongxiao, Luo Weixi, Qiu Mengtong, et al. Influence of working coefficient on the development characteristics of initial electrons in gas switch gap under DC-withstanding process[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(3): 826-831 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190226021 [13] 孙铁平, 丛培天, 李阳, 等. 多间隙气体开关触发特性[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2012, 24(9):2239-2244 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20122409.2239Sun Tieping, Cong Peitian, Li Yang, et al. Experimental study on triggering breakdown characteristics of multi-gap gas switch[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2012, 24(9): 2239-2244 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20122409.2239 [14] 张昱钊, 李晓昂, 裴哲浩, 等. FLTD气体火花开关自放电特性[J]. 太赫兹科学与电子信息学报, 2019, 17(5):919-923 doi: 10.11805/TKYDA201905.0919Zhang Yuzhao, Li Xiaoang, Pei Zhehao, et al. Investigation on pre-fire characteristics of FLTD gas spark switches[J]. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology, 2019, 17(5): 919-923 doi: 10.11805/TKYDA201905.0919 [15] 刘鹏, 魏浩, 孙凤举, 等. 快放电直线变压器型驱动源用场畸变型低电感气体火花开关[J]. 高电压技术, 2011, 37(10):2554-2560 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2011.10.038Liu Peng, Wei Hao, Sun Fengju, et al. Low inductance field-distortion gas spark switches for fast linear transformer drivers[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(10): 2554-2560 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2011.10.038 [16] 李颖, 靳建伟, 陈立, 等. FLTD三电极场畸变气体开关寿命特性[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32:035002Li Ying, Jin Jianwei, Chen Li, et al. Lifetime characteristic of three-electrode field-distortion gas switch of fast linear transformer driver[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 035002 [17] 降宏瑜, 姜晓峰, 孙凤举, 等. FLTD低电感三电极场畸变气体开关击穿特性[C]//中国核科学技术进展报告(第六卷)——中国核学会2019年学术年会论文集第7册(计算物理分卷、核物理分卷、粒子加速器分卷、核聚变与等离子体物理分卷、脉冲功率技术及其应用分卷、辐射物理分卷、核工程力学分卷、核测试与分析分卷). 2019Jiang Hongyu, Jiang Xiaofeng, Sun Fengju, et al. Study on discharge characteristics of a low inductance three-electrode field-distortion gas switch used for FLTD[C]//2019 Academic Annual Meeting of Chinese Nuclear Society. 2019 [18] 张恺烨, 宋法伦, 张北镇, 等. 小型场畸变气体开关的击穿抖动特性[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30:105003 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.180069Zhang Kaiye, Song Falun, Zhang Beizhen, et al. Breakdown jitter characteristics of small field distortion gas switch[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30: 105003 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.180069 [19] 刘轩东. 气体开关击穿特性及其对FLTD输出影响的研究[D]. 西安: 西安交通大学, 2010Liu Xuandong. Breakdown characteristics of gas switch and its influence on the output parameters of fast linear transformer driver[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2010 [20] Lee L, Qi Xiangdong, Cai Li, et al. Study on pre-fire phenomenon for multiplex high-energy spark gap switches with graphite electrodes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(3): 886-892. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2012.6215091 [21] Almalki S J, Nadarajah S. Modifications of the Weibull distribution: a review[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2014, 124: 32-55. -
点击查看大图
图(11) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 515
- HTML全文浏览量: 207
- PDF下载量: 71
- 被引次数: 0
