Coaxial structure pulsed intense magnetic field device for laser plasma experiments
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摘要: 研制了一套同轴结构的脉冲强磁场设备用于和高功率激光装置相配合开展磁化激光等离子体实验。除磁场线圈外，整个设备全部采用同轴结构以降低电感和抑制电磁辐射，同时在整个设备外加屏蔽层来抑制电磁辐射；传输线部分使用多根长度约3 m的软同轴电缆并联的方式连接电容器和靶室上的刚性传输线。在40 kV脉冲充电电压时，使用直径12 mm的三匝磁场线圈作为负载，产生了峰值电流105 kA、上升时间1.2 μs、平顶宽度1.4 μs的放电脉冲，在线圈中心产生了22 T的强磁场。与课题组之前的脉冲强磁场设备相比，此设备除了可以产生更大的电流和更强的磁场外，自由空间电磁辐射和真空靶室上的电位抖动明显降低。软同轴电缆并联的传输线设计可以适应各种靶场环境、增加了使用灵活性。Abstract:
Background In recent years, magnetized laser-plasma research has gained significant importance in multiple frontier fields such as magneto-inertial confinement fusion, magnetic reconnection, collisionless shocks, and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. Pulsed magnetic field devices have become the mainstream experimental approach, as they can generate magnetic field parameters that meet experimental requirements in terms of strength, spatial scale, and duration. Such devices have been integrated into multiple large-scale laser facilities worldwide, and our research group has also successfully developed several pulsed magnetic field systems adaptable to laser setups of different scales. However, existing devices still face two major challenges: first, strong electromagnetic interference affects data acquisition and equipment safety; second, advances in physical experiments demand higher magnetic field strengths.Purpose This study presents a novel coaxial-structure pulsed magnetic field device, designed to optimize the circuit configuration for suppressing electromagnetic interference (EMI) and enhancing magnetic field strength, thereby providing a more reliable high-field environment for magnetized laser-plasma experiments.Methods The experiment employs an all-coaxial architecture to enhance electromagnetic compatibility. Multiple soft coaxial cables are connected in parallel to link a 5 μF high-voltage coaxial capacitor with a rigid coaxial transmission line inside the vacuum target chamber, thereby minimizing system inductance.Results At 40 kV charging voltage, a discharge current with 105 kA peak intensity, a rise time of 1.2 μs, and a flat top width of 1.4 μs is produced, which generates a intense magnetic field of 22 T in the center of a three-turn magnetic field coil with 12 mm diameter. Compared with our previous pulsed intense magnetic field device, the present device can generate larger current and stronger magnetic field, while the free-space EM noise and potential jitter (voltage fluctuation) of the vacuum chamber are significantly reduced.Conclusions Experimental results demonstrate that the key performance of this device has reached the mainstream advanced level of international counterparts, such as relevant systems from the U.S. LLNL, France's LULI, and Germany’s HZDR. This device combines high magnetic field strength, microsecond-level flat-top stability, and low electromagnetic interference, providing precisely controllable strong magnetic field experimental conditions—previously difficult to achieve—for frontier research areas such as magneto-inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, and pulsed laser deposition coating. -
图 1 旧脉冲强磁场设备的结构图和实物图
Figure 1. Structure diagram and photo of the old pulsed high magnetic field device
图 7 使用内径15 mm的单匝线圈在40 kV充电电压时测量的电流波形
Figure 7. The 40 kV discharge test current waveform using a single turn coil with an inner diameter of 15 mm
图 8 磁场测量和模拟结果
Figure 8. Magnetic field test and simulation results
(a) 20 kV discharge magnetic field waveform (b) 20 kV discharge inner diameter 9 mm three-turn Helmholtz coil two-dimensional axisymmetric distribution of magnetic field at peak time (c) 40 kV discharge magnetic field waveform (d) 40 kV discharge inner diameter 12 mm three-turn coil two-dimensional axisymmetric distribution of magnetic field at peak time
图 9 当t=0 ns时线圈附近感生电场空间分布
Figure 9. Spatial distribution of induced electric field around the coil when t=0 ns
图 10 模拟的40 kV充电电压时、三匝铜线圈的范式等效应力和变形。每个子图中的三个黑色圆圈代表铜线圈的初始位置
Figure 10. Simulated Von Mises stress and deformation of the triple-turn Cu coil after the start of discharge. The three black circles in each subgraph represent the original position of the wires
图 11 40 kV充电电压时，模拟的内径12 mm三匝磁场线圈的温度变化。
Figure 11. Simulation results of 40kV discharge using a three-turn coil with an inner diameter of 12 mm
图 12 脉冲强磁场设备产生的电磁干扰测量实物图
Figure 12. Photograph of measuring electromagnetic interference
表 1 新旧脉冲磁场设备的电气参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of electrical parameters between the old and new pulsed magnetic field device
voltage/kV capacitance/μF resistance/Ω inductance/nH imax/kA rise time/μs new device 40 5 0.069 440 105 1.2 old device 30 2.4 0.080 520 45 1.5 
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表 2 脉冲磁场设备的电感和电阻分布(采用15 mm单匝线圈)
Table 2. Inductance and resistance distribution of the pulsed magnetic field device using a 15 mm single-turn coil
inductance/nH resistance/Ω capacitors 40 0.001 switch 85 0.03 transmission line 287 0.03 coil 28 0.008
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