Design of low-profile circularly polarized antenna element for wide-angle scanning array
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摘要: 针对低轨卫星通信中圆极化相控阵扫描角度窄、剖面高的挑战，本文设计了一款低剖面、宽波束圆极化天线单元及其宽角扫描阵列。该单元采用双层结构，通过四角微扰与交叉缝隙实现左旋圆极化，并利用上层寄生结构与金属柱基于方向图叠加原理将波束宽度拓展至120°，轴比波束宽度大于175°，剖面高度仅0.07λ0。基于该单元构建的4×4旋转阵列，结合接地板环形开口槽设计，有效抑制了互耦。仿真结果表明，阵列在±60°扫描范围内轴比始终低于2 dB，且增益变化平缓，实现了优异的宽角圆极化扫描性能。Abstract:
Background With the rapid development of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications, there is a pressing need for circularly polarized phased arrays that offer wide-angle scanning capability while maintaining a low profile, which remains a significant challenge in current designs.Purpose This study aims to design a low-profile, wide-beam circularly polarized antenna element and its corresponding wide-angle scanning array to address the limitations of narrow scan angles and high profiles in existing solutions.Methods A double-layer antenna element was designed, utilizing corner perturbation and cross-slots to achieve left-hand circular polarization, while beamwidth was broadened via an upper parasitic structure and metallic posts based on pattern superposition. A 4×4 array was constructed by rotating these elements, with annular open slots integrated into the ground plane to suppress mutual coupling.Results The proposed antenna element exhibits a 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth greater than 175°, a gain beamwidth of 120°, and a profile of only 0.07λ0. Simulations of the 4×4 array demonstrate a scan coverage of ±60°, with axial ratio consistently below 2 dB and a stable gain fluctuation of 3.38 dB throughout the scanning range.Conclusions The designed antenna and array effectively achieve wide-angle circularly polarized scanning with low profile and stable performance, offering a promising solution for LEO satellite communication terminals and other integrated systems requiring wide spatial coverage.-
Key words:
- low-profile /
- wide beam /
- wide axial-ratio beam /
- wide-angle scanning /
- circular polarization
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图 2 主要参数对天线单元AR-BW
$ \theta $ 的影响Figure 2. Effect of key parameters on the AR-BW
$ \theta $ of the antenna element
图 4 天线加工样品图片与天线测试场景图片
Figure 4. Image of antenna processing sample and image of test scenario
图 8 阵列天线俯视图和开口槽对S参数的影响
Figure 8. Top view of the antenna array and effect of the aperture slot on S-parameters
图 10
$ \varphi ={0}^{0} $ 时不同$ \theta $ 的轴比仿真曲线Figure 10. Simulated axial ratio versus elevation angle
$ \theta $ at$ \varphi ={0}^{0} $ 
图 11
$ \varphi =90{^{\circ}} $ 时不同θ的轴比仿真曲线Figure 11. Simulated axial ratio versus elevation angle
$ \theta $ at$ \varphi =90{^{\circ}} $ 表 1 天线单元尺寸参数
Table 1. Dimension parameters of antenna
(mm) L1 L2 LP Wp Wf Wh R 25 17 8 4 0.4 1 11 Rj1 Rj2 Rj3 Rj4 D1 D2 Dz 0.2 0.9 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.8 1 Pz H1 H2 H3 1 1 3 1 
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表 2 不同天线单元和天线阵列结果比较
Table 2. Comparison of various antenna elements and arrays
Ref. HPBW/(°) AR-BW $ \theta $/(°) size peak-gain scanning
range/(°)AR over scan
angle/dBgain loss over
scan angle/dB[21] 80 NA 0.42λ0×0.42λ0×0.27λ0 ±56 ≤3.0 ≤3.9 [22] 130 130 1.44λ0($ \phi $)×1.56λ0 ±60 ≤4.0 ≤3.0 [23] 100 176 0.37λ0×0.37λ0×NA ±42 ≤2.8 ≤3.0 [24] 90 NA 0.32λ0×0.32λ0×0.19λ0 ±60 ≤7.0 ≤4.5 [25] 136 132 NA×NA×0.09λ0 ±65 ≤3.0 ≤3.2 this work 120 175 0.38λ0×0.38λ0×0.07λ0 ±60 ≤1.9 ≤3.3
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